Elko County Rose Garden

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Winter Hardy Roses

Elko, Nevada

Over the past year, the #1 question that I have received is: 'What winter hardy roses do you suggest for our Zone 5 or lower?'. The #1 suggestion I get is: 'I was looking for information on a particular rose, via a search engine, and got to your site, but I can't find the rose. ' To address these comments, I am in the process of retyping my notes on winter hardy roses, based on both literature and my own experiences. The roses in this list are not the only winter hardy roses. They are just the ones I have determined thus far.

As a large generalization, Foetida and Rubrifolia roses are hardy to Zone 3; Rugosa roses Zones 3 or 4; Alba, Canina, Eglanteria, Gallica and Pimpinellifolia are hardy to Zone 4; Centifolias and Damasks, to Zones 4 or 5; Bourbon, Macrantha, Macrophylla, Moss, Moyessi and Musk Roses to Zone 5; Hybrid Teas Zones 5 to 7; Floribundas 4 to 6 and Grandiflora 5 to 7.

Anticipated Questions: (1) Where can I get these roses? The links page has many excellent suppliers. The Help Me Find Roses site on the links page is a must see. (2) Photos? - yep, that's coming. (3) What about the stuff you didn't list (the dashes)? Yep, that's on my list, too. (4) Errors and/or additions? - just let me know and I will correct or add.

Varieties

Plant Name (linked to Help Me Find Roses) introduced by, where created, date introduced, rose type, parentage, height x width, flower description, fragrance, bloom cycle: June, July, August/September, hardiness zone, ARS rating. Comments. Awards.

Abraham Darby David Austin, England, 1985, English Shrub, Floribunda 'Yellow Cushion' x Modern Climber 'Aloha', 5' x 4', coppery, apricot, with outer petals more toward pink cupped, double ---" in diameter, in clusters of --- - ---, strongly scented '***', repeats (with remarkable regularity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS: ---. "Arching growth that can go to 7' with support." (Brace, 1999) "It was named after one of the great founders of the British Industrial Revolution on behalf of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust." (Austin, 1996) Austin rates as '****'.

Ace of Hearts Kordes, Germany, 1981, Hybrid Tea, ----- x -----, --' x --', deep red, non fading, --- blooms with -- petaled flowers, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Excellent show rose." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Adelaide Hoodless Marshall, Canada, 1972, Shrub, ---- x -----, 5.5' x 6.5', medium red, semi-double blooms, -- - -- petals, , 2.5" in diameter in clusters of 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 2-4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Agnes Saunders, Ottawa, Canada, 1922, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa Rugosa' x 'Rosa foetida persiana', 5' x 4', pale amber with a deeper center, double blooms, 24 - 30 petals, , 3" in diameter in small clusters, moderate fruity fragrant, one huge blooming in summer, although there will be a second smaller crop of color in warm autumns on well established bushes, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Wrinkled light glossy green foliage. Occasionally subject to black spot. Petals are delicate and will not stand up to heavy wind and rain.

Aicha Peterson, Denmark, 1966, Climber Scots, 'Souvenir de Jacques Verschuren' x 'Guldtop', 6+' x ---', medium yellow fading pastel semi-double flowers --" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once: spring, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "'Aicha' has probably been pre-empted by a look-alike from Kordes, 'Fruhlingsgold', which is better known." (Olds, 1998). "The gentle arching stems create an admirably shaped bush if you prefer not to use it as a climber". (Osborne, 1991)

Alba Semi-Plena, 'White Rose of York', ----, Bulgaria (?), Pre-1600, Alba, Possibly a sport of 'Alba Maxima' or a cross with 'Rosa alba suaveolens' 8' x 5', pure white flowers, with golden stamens, nearly single to semi-double, flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --. sweet fragrance, once: spring, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "It was introduced into the UK by invading Roman armies." (Olds, 1998) "The upright, shapely bush has fine gray-green foliage and a good display of olive-shaped hips. Used at Kazanlik [Bulgaria] for making attar. Can reach 12' with support." (Brace, 1999) Harkness rates as '*'

Alberic Barbier Barbier, France, 1900, Wichuraiana Climber, 'Rosa Wichuraiana' x Tea 'Shirley Hibberd', 15+' as a climber, creamy white, with yellow center, medium yellow double flowers --" in diameter, strong apple fragrance, once: early summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The Barbier Nursery in Orleans produced the most popular Ramblers of the century, including 'Albertine', Alexander Girault', and 'Francois Juranville'. He created 23 Climbers and Ramblers." (Olds, 1998) Harkness rates '***'. "One of the best roses to try in an inhospitable site." (Harkness, 1978) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Alberta Fleming, ----, 1995, Floribunda, ----- x -----, 4' x --', deep pink, nearly single blooms with 5 - 10 petaled flowers, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, Fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Albertine Barbier, France, 1921, Wichuraiana Climber, Rambler, 'Rosa Wichuraiana' x Hybrid Tea 'Mrs. Arthur Robert Waddell', 15 - 20' as a climber, deep pink with salmon with hints of copper, double, --" in diameter, in small clusters, heavily scented, once: three weeks in mid-summer, hardy to zone 5, ARS: ---. "Vigorous plant with striking deep green almost purple stems and foliage, it has semi-lax stems that require continuous securing as the plant grows. It does well on Pergolas." (Olds, 1998) Harkness rates as '*' and recommends "beware of mildew." (Harkness, 1978)

Alchymist, also 'Alchemist', Kordes, Germany, 1956, Shrub, Short Climber, Pillar, 'Golden Glow' x 'Rosa eglanteria' hybrid, 6 x 3', 12' as a climber, apricot blende, yellow orange color, fully double, quartered, cupped, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, extremely fragrant, once: long bloom in ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS: ---. Dense glossy foliage.

Alexander MacKenzie Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1985, Shrub, 'Queen Elizabeth' x ('Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne'), 6' x 5.5', rose pink with 45 petaled flowers medium diameter produced in clusters of 6 - 12, fragrance of fresh-picked raspberries, repeats: moderate, slight, slight, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS not rated. Yellow-green, leathery, glossy foliage and purple prickles. New foliage is deep reddish. Suzanne is a hybrid spinosissima. (Osborne, 1991) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Alexander von Humboldt Kordes, Germany, 1960, Kordesii Shrub, 'Rosa kordesii' x 'Cleopatra', 5' x 5', crimson-scarlet semi-double blooms with -- petaled flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. "Vigorous climbing shrub with medium glossy foliage. that is suitable for pergolas and fences." (Olds, 1998)

Alexandra Leek Fleming, ----, 1995, Floribunda, ----- x -----, --' x --', light bright orange, ruffled, single blooms with 5 petaled flowers, 2" in diameter, produced in clusters of 2 - 8, slightly fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Medium Green Foliage." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Ambridge Rose David Austin, England, 1990, English Shrub, 'Charles Austin' x seedling (Probably 'Wife of Bath'), 2.5' x 2', apricot-pink becoming pale pink toward edges double blooms with -- petaled flowers --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, very fragrant '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "A tough, free flowering and altogether trouble-free rose." (Austin, 1996) Austin overall rates '***'. "It was named after an English radio program called 'The Archers' about a fictional farming community. At the request of the BBC, an episode was written into the program wherein one of the characters went to see it at the Chelsea Show and talked to the breeder." (Olds, 1999)

Amelia Fleming Fleming, Canada, 1994, Floribunda, ----- x -----, 3' x 3', pink petals with lavender cast, purple stamens, single blooms with -- petaled flowers --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, ---- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---. "The matte foliage harks back to gallicas & damasks." (Brace, 1999)

Amelia Gravereaux Gravereaux, France, 1903, Hybrid Rugosa, ----- x -----, 4' x 7', deep pink - red blende double blooms with -- petaled flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 5 - 10, moderate - exceptional fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---.

American Pillar Van Fleet, USA, 1902, Rambler, ('Rosa wichuraiana' x 'Rosa setigera') x unnamed red Hybrid Perpetual, 20' x --', carmine-pink with white eyes, golden stamens, single, 5 petals, 3" in diameter, produced in large clusters of -- - --, little or no fragrance, once: long late-season bloom, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "Hates hot, dry weather but will tolerate partial shade." "This rose is now enjoying a comeback - possibly because public gardens are using it again to great effect." (Olds, 1998) "Red hips will appear later in the fall" (Schneider, 1995)

Amiga Mia Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1978, Shrub, 'Queen Elizabeth' x 'Prairie Princess', 3.5' x 3.5', shell pink semi-double with 30 petals, 4.5" in diameter in clusters of 1 - 5, very good fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Name means 'My Friend' in Spanish. "Buck named it for Californian rosarian Dorothy Stemler, whose eclectic eye for roses saved many that would have been lost to commerce." (Olds, 1998)

Angela, also 'Angelica' Kordes, Germany, 1984, Shrub, 'Yesterday' x 'Peter Frankenfeld', 2.5' x --', deep rose pink with highlights of light pink, cupped, short stems, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter (medium), produced in trusses of -- - --, slight fragrance, repeats (always in bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The plant has bright foliage, lots of vigor and a neat, robust habit. It is bush and grows to average height." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Anisley Dickson Dickson, ----, 1985, Floribunda, ----- x -----, --' x --', clear dark salmon pink, double blooms with 30 petaled flowers, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Good show and cut flower." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Antike 89, also 'Antique '89', Kordes, Germany, 1988, Climbing, Pillar, Parentage unknown, --' x --', blush, heavily overlaid with rose-red, especially toward petal margins, rounded in form, and open with confused centers, the petals enfolding against each other in all directions, very double, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, modestly fragrant, repeats (summer - autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Growth is vigorous, and there is good coverage of tough leathery dark green foliage." "Useful for pillars, walls, fences and pergolas." (Olds, 1998) "Old Rose Form." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Apart Uhl, Germany, 1981, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4.5' x 4.5', crimson-mauve, ruffled petals, double with -- petaled blooms, --" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, very good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "In autumn there is an outstanding display of tomato-shaped hips." (Olds, 1999)

Apothecary's Rose, also Rosa gallica officinalis, 'Red Rose of Landcaster', ----, ----, Pre-1600 (12th century or earlier), Gallica, Parentage unknown, 3' x 4', bright crimson to near purple, prominent golden stamens, semi-double, with -- petaled blooms, --" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, intense fragrance, once: mid-summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Possibly the oldest rose to be cultured in Europe." (Olds, 1998) Few prickles, dark green foliage, disease resistant. Hips produce abundant seeds. Suckers readily. "The red colours of old European roses derive almost exclusively from this variety, which explains their purple cast." (Harkness, 1978) 'Rosa Mundi' ('R. gallica versicolor') is a sport of the Apothecary rose. The 'Apothecary's Rose' name derives from its extensive use in early medicine.

Applejack Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1973, Shrub, 'Goldbusch x ('Josef Rothmund' x 'Rosa laxa Retzius', 6' x 9', medium pink semi-double with 10 petals blooms, 3.5" in diameter in clusters of 10 - 15, moderate fragrance of apples, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. Vigorous, hardy, upright, bush plant, can be grown as a shrub or climber. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

April Moon Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', lemon yellow cupped blooms (25 - 30 petals) --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Assiniboine Marshall, Canada, 1962, Shrub, 'Donald Prior' x 'Rosa arkansas', 4' x 3', wine red, semi-double flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5 on weak stems, fragrance slight, repeats: yes, slight, slight, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. Named after a park in Winnipeg, Canada. (Olds, 1998)

Astrid Lindgren Poulsen, Denmark, 1991, Shrub, Parentage unknown, 5' x 4', clear and even shade of mid-pink, double open-cupped flowers --" in diameter produced in large clusters of -- - --, light fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 (may die back part way), ARS ---. Vigorous, Upright, free-branching habit.

Aunt Honey Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ----, 4'

x --', light carmine double flowers 4-5" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, damask fragrance, repeats (continuous bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS ---. Hortico's Rose of the Year. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Autumn Dusk Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1976, Shrub, ----, --'

x --', light pink, ---- flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. HT form. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Autumn Sunset Mike Lowe, New Hampshire, USA, 1986, Shrub, Sport of 'Westerland', 6' x 4', apricot with touches of orange and deep yellow, borne on strong stems, loose, shaggy looking cupped flowers, semi-double, -- petals, --" in diameter (middling) , produced in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats (through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Similar habit as 'Westerland'. (Olds, 1998) (Clements, 2000), "Not available to USA [from Canada] due to patent restrictions" (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Avon, Fairy Lights, Poulson, Denmark, 1992, Groundcover, Parentage unknown, 1' x 3', pale blush with yellow stamens, semi-double flowers --" in diameter (small) produced in clusters of -- - --, ---- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Good choice for hanging baskets. Not to be confused with the Morey, USA, 1961 'Nocturne' x Chrysler Imperial' Hybrid Tea with the same name.

Awakening Blatna, Czechoslovakia, 1935, introduced by Peter Beales in 1990, Climbing, sport of 'New Dawn', 10' x 8', soft silvery-pink, very double and quartered flowers --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "In 1988 Mr. Dick Balfour, former President of the Royal National Rose Society, paid a visit to Czechoslovakia where he noticed a rose similar to the lovely Rambler 'New Dawn', the only difference being the bloom had double the usual number of petals. He brought back some wood for propagation by 'Peter Beales' Nursery, and the rose was re-introduced in 1990 under the name 'Awakening'." (Olds, 1998)

Baby Faurax Lille, France, 1924, Polyantha, Parentage unknown, suspected to be a 'Rosa multiflora' hybrid, 2' x --', blue-purple, closest to a blue rose, double flowers, 2" in diameter produced in small clusters of -- - --, little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Name is pronounced 'For-ax'." (Clements, 2000) Shade tolerant

Ballerina Bentall, England, UK, 1937, Hybrid Musk, Parentage unknown, 3.5' x 4.5', soft pink with white center and paler pink petal reverse, yellow stamens, single, with 5 petals, shallow-cupped, flowers 0.75 - 1.5" in diameter produced in clusters of greater than 25, slight to no fragrance, repeats: heavy, heavy, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.8. "The flowers remind one of the climbing rose 'Blush Rambler'." (Olds, 1998) "It is one of the easiest of all roses to grow." (Hawthorne, 1996) Small orange hips. Shade tolerant. "The shape of the plant is reminiscent of a ballerina's skirt, hence the name." (Schneider, 1995). Harkness gives it a '***' rating. "After Joseph Pemberton's death in 1926, Ann and J. A. Bentall continued producing hybrid musks. Ann bred 'Ballerina' and 'Buff Beauty', two of the best in the class, as well as the polyantha 'The Fairy'." (Weaver, 1998) "In the same year a very similar variety appeared in Germany, raised by Peter Lambert, and named 'Mozart'. It's parent's were 'Robin Hood' x 'Rote Pharisaer'." "'Belinda', which came from Bentall in 1936, looks like a sister of 'Ballerina'" (Harkness, 1978) 'Marjorie Fair', bred from 'Ballerina' x 'Baby Faurax' by Harkness in 1977 is a similar style. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Barndance Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ----, --' x --', rose over yellow double, 20 - 25 petals, flowers --" in diameter, light fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Baron Girod de l'Ain Reverchon, France, 1897, Hybrid Perpetual, Sport of 'Eugene Furst', 4' x 4', true crimson, double flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5, sweet fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. "This is something of a novelty rose, looking as though someone has cut the edge off the petals with pinking shears. It has cupped, red blooms with a scalloped edge of white, which makes it a dramatic cut flower." (Olds, 1998) Very Prone to Blackspot. Broad, round leathery leaves, some prickles.

Basye's Blueberry Dr. Robert Basye, Texas, 1982, Shrub, 'Commander Gillette' x ('Commander Gillette' x ['Rosa virginian alba' x 'Betty Morse']), 7' x --', lilac pink with bright yellow stamens, 7-petalled large flowers ---" in diameter produced in small clusters, fragrance moderate, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Bred by the late Dr. Basye of Texas A&M University. The name "arose because the stems and leaves (especially in the autumn when they are turning color) resemble the growth of a blueberry bush. Nearly thornless.

Belinda Ann Bentall, England, UK, 1936, Hybrid Musk, Parentage unknown, 4' x 5', rose pink with small areas of white at bases of the petals, ---- stamens, semi-double, with 12 - 15

petals, flowers 0.75 - 1.5" in diameter produced in large pyramidal clusters of 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. "The rose was raised by Ann Bentall, and her granddaughter is actually named after it." (Olds, 1998) Few thorns. Upright, vigorous, spreading, disease resistent, light green, semi-glossy leaves.

Bella Multiflora Uhl, ----, 1994, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', pink, ---- blooms, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced in sprays of --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Thornless, arching branches. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Bella Nitida Uhl, ----, 1994, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', pink, ---- blooms, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced in sprays of --, fragrant, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Not tall. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Bella Rosa Kordes, Germany, 1981, Floribunda, seedling x 'Traumerel', --' x --', medium pink, short stems, double blooms with 36 petaled flowers, --" in diameter, produced in very full clusters of --, light 'wild rose scent', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Mini-flora." (Vanderkruk, 2000) Copenhagen Gold Medal 1982, Baden-Baden Gold Medal 1983

Belle Poitevine Bruant of Angers, France, 1894, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 6', pale magenta pink, loosely crinkled, creamy-white stamens, semi-double, with 18 - 24 petals, flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 5 - 10, moderate - strong fragrance with the aroma of cloves, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Typical rugosa foliage and habit. Large dark orange-red hips are sometimes produced. "The name translates to 'Beauty of Poitou', the region where the French raiser had his nursery." (Olds, 1998) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Belle Story David Austin, England, 1984, English Shrub, ('Chaucer' x Modern Climber 'Parade') x ('The Prioress' x Floribunda 'Iceberg'), 4' x 3', delicate pink with golden yellow stamens, flowers have a peony-look, double, with -- - -- petals, flowers --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, very fragrant '**', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. A heavy bloomer. "Named after the first of three nursing sisters to serve as an officer in the Royal Navy in 1884." (Austin, 1996) Austin's overall rating is '***'

Betty Prior Prior of Colchester, UK, 1935, Hybrid Polyantha / Floribunda, 'Kristen Poulsen' x seedling, 4' x 3', pink, lighter on inside of petal and with whitish base, yellow stamens, single, with 5 petals, flowers --" in diameter produced in large clusters of -- - --, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, heavy, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Betty Prior was a member of the raiser's family at their nursery near Colchester in Essex." (Olds,1998) "The plant will grow anywhere, resisting cold, heat, disease and unskilled gardeners, to give abundant flowers right through the season." (Macoboy,1993) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1933

Blanc Double de Coubert Cochet-Cochet, France, 1892, Hybrid Rugosa, Possibly 'Rosa rugosa' x 'Sombreuil' or 'Rosa Rugosa alba' x 'Rosa rugosa alba', 2.5-5' x 2.5-4', snowy white, semi-double flowers 3.5" in diameter in clusters of 5 - 10, strongly fragrant, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 2- 3. Petal texture is soft and easily spoiled by rain. Hips are not normally produced, if they do appear they are orange-scarlet. 'Coubert' is the name of the raiser's home village; the name means 'Double White of Coubert'. Royal Horticultural Society of Garden Merit 1993

Blaze Kallay, USA, 1932, Climber, 'Paul's Scarlet Climber' x 'Gruss an Teplitz', 7-9' x --', medium-red, borne on strong stems, cupped, semi-double, 18 - 24 petals, 2.5-3" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrant, repeats (through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Most floriferous of the short climbers." Schneider, 1995) "Easy plant to grow." (Olds, 1998) "Profuse and always in bloom." (Clements, 2000) Has 'Blase' listed as McGredy, 1963 - is this a later similar variety with same name? (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Blossomtime O'Neal, USA, 1951, Climber, Pillar, Rambler, 'New Dawn' x unknown Hybrid Tea, 8' x 3', two shades of china pink, double flowers --" in diameter in well spaced clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B. Resistant to mildew.

Bonavista ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage: ----, 5' x 6', medium pink, double flowers, 2" in diameter, in clusters of 10 - 15, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone --. No source located.

Bonica, also 'Bonica '82', 'MEIdomanac', Meilland, France, 1981, Shrub, Possibly ('Rosa sempervirens' x 'Mademoiselle Marthe Carron') x 'Picasso', 3-5' x 4-5', medium pink - lighter at edges, double, 40+ petals, 1 - 3" in diameter, in clusters of 10 - 15, none - slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4 - 5. ARS 8.5. "The name 'Bonica '82' is given to distinguish it from an earlier 'Bonica', [a 1958 Floribunda] from the same raiser." (Olds, 1998) This is a very common rose and is easy to acquire at almost any garden center. Principally because it is well worth acquiring. Leaves are small, dark green and semi-glossy. Bright orange hips in the fall. "Flowers are larger and hold their color better in cooler climates; blooms fade to white in hotter zones." "A larger-flowered sport, "Royal Bonica', was registered in 1994." (Weaver, 1998) Bonica became the first shrub rose ever to receive an All-American Rose Selection. Anerkannte Deutsche Rose (ADR) 1983, Belfast Certificate of Merit 1983, All-American Rose Selection 1987, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Bredon David Austin, England, 1984, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x 'Lilian Austin', 3' x 2', buff yellow, paler toward edge, double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fresh fruit fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4. ARS ---. "Austin give an assessment of '*'. "Short, bushy shrub that is both free-flowering and reliable." (Austin, 1996) "Stems tend to be leggy and arching." "Bredon is a scenic area in the west of England." (Olds, 1998)

Breeze Hill Van Fleet, USA, 1926, Wichuraiana Climber, 'Rosa wichuraiana' x 'Beaute de Lyon', --' x --', creamy blush and apricot shades that pale to creamy buff, double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of 3 or more, light apple fragrance, repeats: freely, slight, slight, hardy to zone 4. ARS ---. "Named after the home of the eminent rosarian Dr. J. Horace McFarland in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania." (Olds, 1999) No source known.

Bright Melody Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, 'Carefree Beauty' x ('Herz As' x 'Cuthbert Grant' , --' x --', bright red, shallow cupped, double, about 30 petals, 4-4.5" in diameter, in clusters up to 10, slight fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The plant grows easily, making an upright bushy shrub of average height or more with dark olive green, leathery foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000) HORTICO

Buff Beauty Bentall, UK, 1939, Hybrid Musk, 'William Allen Richardson' x unknown, 3-4' x 5', buff yellow and apricot, double, about 24 petals, 3" in diameter, in clusters of --, sweet pleasing fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4. ARS 7.5. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Butterflies Mekdeci, ----, 1989, Shrub, ---- x ----, 5' x 3', goes 7' as a climber, orange yellow, golden at the center and on the reverse of the petals, single, --" in diameter, in clusters of --, ---- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5. ARS ---.

Canary Bird ----, Found in England, Post-1907, Shrub, Probably 'Rosa hugonsis' x 'R. xanthina', 8' x 6', bright yellow flowers, single, -- petals, --" in diameter (small), produced in sprays of --, pleasant fragrance, once(profuse): late spring (a few blooms may appear toward the end of the growing season), hardy to zone 4 (This may not enjoy the more exposed and chilly areas), ARS ---. "The plant can become very large so giving it some room is important, because pruning will not only spoil its natural grace but is often resented, resulting in die-back." (Olds, 1998). Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. "Fern like foliage." Harkness rating '*****' (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Captain Samuel Holland Ogilvie, Canada, 1992, Shrub, ('Rosa kordesii' x ['Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne']) x ('Rosa kordesii' x ['Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne']), 6' x 4', deep magenta - medium red, modestly double, 15 - 25 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of 1 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3. ARS ---. "Developed by the Canadian Department of Agriculture to serve the need for hardier roses in that country." (Olds, 1999)

Cardinal Hume Harkness, UK, 1984, Shrub, ([seedling x ('Orange Sensation' x 'Allgold')] x Rosa californica plena) x 'Frank Naylor', 3' x 3', maroon-purple cupped blooms double with -- - -- petals blooms, --" in diameter in large clusters of -- - --, strong musk or new-mown hay fragrance, repeats with continuity: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Extremely popular and widely grown modern shrub." "The name was given to honor Basil Hume, the leading Roman Catholic cleric in England." (Olds, 1998) New foliage is bronze red. Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1984, Courtai Certificate of Merit 1986

Carefree Beauty Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1977, Shrub, seedling x 'Prairie Princess', 5' x 4', medium pink semi-double with 10 - 20 petals blooms, 4.5" in diameter in clusters of 2 - 5, slight - moderate fragrance, repeats (free-flowering): heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.5. Vigorous, hardy, upright, bush plant, disease resistent. Orange-red hips. Much used for hardiness in the Canadian breeding program.

Carefree Delight Alain Meilland, France, 1994, Shrub, ('Eyepaint' x 'Nirvana') x 'Smarty', 5' x 4', carmine pink with creamy white centers with bright yellow stamens, 5-petalled single flowers 1.5" in diameter produced in clusters up to 15, fragrance slight, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS not rated. Resistant to mildew, blackspot, and rose rust. Arching canes. (Christopher, 1999).

Carefree Wonder Meilland, France, 1978, Shrub, ('Prairie Princess' x 'Nirvana') x ('Eyepaint' x 'Rustica'), 2.5' x 2.5', rich pink pale reverse, with yellow stamens, double, 26 petals, 2.5 - 3" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Forms hips. Deadheading enhances rebloom. All American Rose Selection 1991 canes.

Carmen Lambert, Germany, 1907, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa rosea' x 'Princesse de Bearn', 4' x 4', crimson - blood red flowers with yellow stamens, single, -- petals, ---" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, modest fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---. "The dark green, wrinkled leaves are borne on vigorous growth that occasionally produces a few flowers in autumn." (Olds, 1998)

Carmenetta Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, 1923, Shrub, 'Rosa glauca' (formerly 'Rosa rubrifolia') x 'Rosa rugosa', 7' x 7', medium pink with white centers, yellow stamens, single star-like flowers --" in diameter, summer blooming, does not last long, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. Robust arching plant. Fruit is oval and reddish-purple. "Carmenetta is easy to propagate from softwood cuttings." (Osborne, 1991) Makes a good backdrop. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Carrousel Duehrsen, USA, 1950, Grandiflora, seedling x 'Margy', --' x --', deep red, double, 20 petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, pleasantly fragrant, repeats (throughout summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The variety has a bushy, vigorous, upright-growing habit and dark green, leathery, healthy, glossy foliage." (Olds, 1998) Portland Gold Medal 1955, American Rose Society Gold Medal 1956

Casa Blanca Sima, USA, 1968, Climber, 'New Dawn' x 'Fashion', 12' x --', white semi-double flowers --" in diameter, repeats: ----, ----,----, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---. "Flowers well in summer and occasionally in autumn. It is a very healthy plant." (Olds, 1998)

Celestial, also 'Celeste', ----, ----, Pre-1848, Alba, Parentage unknown, 5' x 5', bright soft silvery pink cupped with golden stamens semi-double, 20 - 25 - petalled flowers 3" in diameter, strong sweet "heavenly" fragrance, once in early summer, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS 8.6. Upright, vigorous with bushy leaden gray foliage. Tolerates partial shade and impoverished soils. Should not be trimmed to much. Very disease resistant. Few Prickles. Long red hips. There are three roses with this name. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. Harkness, 1978 rates as a '***'.

Champlain Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1982, Kordesii Shrub, ('Rosa kordesii' x seedling) x ('Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne'), 3-4' x 3', dark red, double with 30 petaled flowers 2" in diameter produced in clusters of 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS 8.8. Flowers borne in profusion on a small compact plant. Explorer series rose. Champlain was a French explorer colonizer and first governor of French Canada. He discovered the lake that bears his name. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Chariots of Fire Williams, ----, 1995, Pillar, ----x ----, --' x --', dark red, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Charles Albanel Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1982, Hybrid Rugosa Ground Cover Shrub, 'Souvenir de Philemon Cochet' x seedling, 2' x 3.5', medium red with big boss of yellow stamens, semi-double with 20 petaled flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of ----, fragrant, repeats: early summer to end of season, ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS not rated. Wrinkled foliage, grassy green, leathery and very disease resistant. Rose hips are medium-sized, orange-red and flattened globular. Thorny branches.

Charles Austin David Austin, England, 1973, English Shrub, 'Chaucer' x Modern Climber 'Aloha', 5' x 4', apricot with pink trace fading with time, cupped shaped double with up to 70 petals --" in diameter produced in clusters of 1 - 7, strong fresh fruit fragrance '**', repeats (does not always repeat well): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone ---, ARS ---. Austin's overall assessment '**' Named after David Austin's father.

Charles De Mills -----, The Netherlands (?), Pre-1800, Gallica, Parentage unknown, 5' x 6', rich glowing purple with subtle crimson highlights, begins cupped and ends flat saucer shaped, petals have feel and texture of velvet, very double, perhaps 200 petalled flowers 3 - 3 1/2" in diameter, slightly fragrant, once in early summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.6. Arching canes on an erect bush. Very few prickles on a dark green bush. Suckers freely on its own roots. Buds are flat topped before expansion. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. Harkness, 1978 rates as a '*'.

Charles Dickens McCredy, Ireland, 1970, Floribunda, 'Paddy McCredy' x 'Elizabeth of Glamis', 3.5' x 3.5', salmon pink with yellow stamens, semi-double flowers ---" in diameter, in cluster of -- - --, repeats: ----, ----, ----, modest fragrance, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Healthy dark green leathery foliage." (Brace, 1999)

China Doll Dr. Walter Lammerts, USA, 1946, Polyantha, 'Mrs Dudley Fulton' x 'Tom Thumb', 1' x --', pink with a base of mimosa yellow, white reverse, cupped, double, with 24 petals, flowers 1.5" - 2.5" in diameter, in clusters of up to 15, repeats (constant display of flowers): ----, ----, ----, slight fragrance, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.2. "Very free flowering." (Olds, 1998) Nearly thornless.

Chloris, also 'Dew of the Morning', Parentage unknown, Pre-1848, Alba, 7' x 6.5', light diaphanous pink soft, satiny petals with green button eye, double flowers 2.5" in diameter, in cluster of 2 - 5, June blooming, very fragrant, hardy to zone 1 - 4, ARS ---. Dark green canes. Nearly thornless. Easy to grow and root from softwood cuttings.

Chorale Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1978, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', light pink, double, with 45 - 50 petals, flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of --, repeats (continuous bloom): ----, ----, ----, fragrant, hardy to zone (very hardy) 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Chuckles Shepherd, USA, 1958, Floribunda, ('Jean Lafitte' x 'New Dawn') x 'Orange Triumph', 2' x 4', deep rose pink semi-double 11-petalled flowers 3.5" in diameter produced in clusters of 10 - 25, strong fragrance, repeats: heavy, heavy, heavy, hardy to zone 4 (with die back), ARS ---. Dark leathery green foliage.

Clair Matin Marie-Louisette Meilland, France, 1960, Large Flowered Climber, 'Fashion' x (['Independence' x 'Orange Triumph'] x 'Phyllis Bide', 9' in length as climber, pink with golden stamens, 15-petalled semi-double flowers ---" in diameter produced in large clusters, sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS 9.0. "Translated into English, the French name means 'morning light'" "The growth is vigorous and well branched with cocoa-colored stems". (Olds, 1998) Bagatelle Gold Medal in Paris 1960.

Compassion Harkness, UK, 1973, Large Flowered Climber, Rambler, 'White Cockade' x 'Prima Ballerina', 10' x 6', salmon-pink, apricot shaded blooms, double, about 36 petals, ---" in diameter produced singly or in clusters of 3, sweet fragrance, repeats (completely repeat flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 6, just barely viable in zone 5B, put it on a south wall - dies back to the ground each winter then fights its way back each spring, ARS 8.7. "This is one of the all-time greats in rose breeding." (Olds, 1998) "Produces basal growths with more freedom than common in the class" (Harkness, 1978) Baden-Baden Gold Medal 1975, Geneva Gold Medal 1975, Orleans Gold Medal 1979, Royal National Rose Society Fragrance Medal 1973, Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1976, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993 Harkness rates as '****'

Complicata ----, ----, ----, Gallica, Parentage may involve 'Rosa canina' or 'R. macrantha', 5' x 6', clear pink with large boss of bright creamy yellow stamens, single flowers 4 - 5" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, moderate fragrance, once: early summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. "It is very healthy, tolerant of impoverished soils and very hardy" (Olds, 1998) Round orange hips in the fall. "The name does not mean 'complex' but 'folded together' - there is a distinct pleat in each petal." "Plant it in mixed shrubbery where it can grow as it pleases with only mild discipline." (Macoboy, 1993) Harkness rates as '*'

Comte de Chambord Robert and Moreau, France, 1863, Portland, Perhaps 'Baronne Prevost' x 'Duchess of Portland', 3.5' x 3.5', rich pink with hints of lilac and lavender, cupped to completely flat often quartered, double flowers 3 - 4" in diameter produced singly or in small clusters of --, strong sweet Damask fragrance, repeats (great profusion from early summer to autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS 7.1. "Its name honors the sad and romantic grandson of Charles X who refused the crown of France and died in exile." (Macoboy, 1993) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Constance Spry David Austin, England, 1961, English Shrub, Gallica 'Belle Isis' x floribunda 'Dainty Maid', 7' x 7' as a bush 10' as a climber, soft pink, cupped-shaped double flowers 4.75" in diameter, strong myrrh fragrance, once: early summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. The first of the English roses. "It was named after Constance Spry (1886-1960), a pioneer in flower arrangement and one of the first collectors of Old Roses in the early part of the twentieth century." (Austin, 1996). Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit, 1993.

Copper Crown Williams, USA, 1992, Shrub, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', copper hue with pink tones muted orange at the center semi-double flowers ---" in diameter, ---- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---.

Coral Cluster Murrell, UK, 1920, Polyantha, Sport of 'Orleans Rose', 1.5' x 2.5', coral pink double flowers ---" in diameter (small pompons), ---- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very prone to mutation. Prone to mildew. National Rose Society Gold Medal 1921

Coral Dawn Boerner, USA, 1952, Climber, Pillar, Rambler, Groundcover, ('New Dawn' seedling x yellow Large-flowered rose) x Orange-red Polyantha, --' x --', rose pink cupped double, 35 petals, flowers ---" in diameter, in small clusters, heavy fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Will greatly enhance low fences, walls or as a good subject for pillars." (Olds, 1999)

Cordula Kordes, Germany, 1972, Floribunda, 'Europeana' x 'Marlena', 2.5' x 2.5', orange-red double, -- petals, flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters, light fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Thick bushy dark bronzy green foliage." (Brace, 1999)

Corylus Le Rougetel, UK, 1988, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa nida' x 'R. rugosa rubra', 5' x --', medium pink with golden stamens, single, -- petals, flowers ---" in diameter, produced singly or in clusters of 4, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Rugose foliage. Round medium sized bright scarlet hips. "'Corylus' is Latin for hazel, which is the breeder's first name." (Olds, 1998). Easy to Grow.

Country Dancer Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1973, Shrub, 'Prairie Princess' x 'Johannes Boettner', 3' x 3', medium rose-pink, double, with -- petalled blooms, 4.5" in diameter in clusters of 2 - 5, slight fragrance, repeats (free flowering): heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS --. Vigorous, hardy, upright, dwarf plant, useful plant for the front of a mixed border. "An excellent rose." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Country Living David Austin, England, 1991, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x 'Graham Thomas', 3' x 2', soft blush-pink, fading to palest pink, green eye, double, with -- petalled blooms, ---" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, pleasing fragrance '*', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS --. "A slight tendency to die-back in winter, inherited from its parent 'Wife of Bath', can largely be ignored, as the rose can nearly always be relied upon to shoot up again without ill effects. It was named for the magazine 'Country Living', which has long been an enthusiastic supporter of English Roses." (Austin, 1996). Austin's overall assessment '**'

Country Music Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1973, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', deep pink quartered blooms in clusters, ---" in diameter (large), fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) 4, ARS --. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Country Song Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', azalea pink, cupped, double, 25 - 30 petals, ---" in diameter (large), myrrh fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) 4, ARS --. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Countryman Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1979, Shrub, ---- x ----, 4' x --', rose pink, cupped, double, -- - -- petals, ---" in diameter, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) 4, ARS --. Not to be confused with David Austin's 1987 rose 'The Countryman'. "Blooms till frost." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Cuthbert Grant Marshall, Canada, 1967, Hybrid Suffulta Shrub, 'Crimson Glory' x 'Assiniboine') x 'Assiniboine', 3' x 3', deep purplish red semi-double, with -- petals, cupped flowers 3.5" in diameter, produced in clusters of 2 - 5, fragrance slight, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. Vigorous and upright, with glossy green foliage. (Olds, 1998) Canadian Parkland series. Cane hardy to zone 4, crown hardy to zone 3. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Danse du Feu Mallerin, ----, 1953, Climber, ----x ----, 10' x --', bright scarlet orange, semi-double, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats (vigorous repeater): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Daphne ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Musk, ----, 3.5' x 7', white semi-double blooms 1.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. There is also an Gallica rose with the same name. Not much is written on this variety. No source located. "Daphne was a young girl loved by the god Apollo; she fled his advances and escaped him by being changed into a laurel, afterwards his favorite tree." (Olds, 1998)

Dapple Dawn David Austin, England, 1983, Floribunda, sport of 'Red Coat', 3.5' x 4.5', delicate pink single flowers with golden stamens 3.5" in diameter in clusters of 2 - 5, little fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Upright bushy plant. "Possibly one of the most floriferous of the English roses." (Olds, 1998) Petals have a gossamer-like quality

Darlow's Enigma ----, ----, ----, Rambler, ----, 6 - 8' as a shrub 10 - 12' as a rambler, white semi-double blooms, golden stamens, --" in diameter, in clusters, rich sweet fragrance, repeats (continuously in bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very Disease resistant. Shade tolerant.

Dart's Dash ----, Netherlands, 1980's, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 2-4' x 5', crimson purple semi-double flowers with ---- stamens ---" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, sweetly scented, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Abundant large orange globular hips. Rugosa-style foliage. A small version of Hansa with more blooms.

Dart's Red Dot Interplant, ----, 1989, Shrub, -----, --' x --, medium red with yellow eye, ---- flowers, ---" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

David Thompson Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1979, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Schneezwerg' x 'Frau Dagmar Hartopp') x seedling, 5.5' x 6.5', Cerise red, deep pink - medium red with yellow stamens, double cupped with 25 petaled flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 5 - 10, strongly fragrant, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Wrinkled rugose foliage, upright. Canadian Explorer family of roses - "David Thompson the explorer surveyed the headwaters of the Mississippi and discovered the source of the Columbia River. David Thompson the rose is almost never out of bloom." (Schneider, 1995)

Delicata Cooling, UK or US, 1898, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 5', lilac pink, with creamy yellow stamens, semi-double, 18 - 24 petaled flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 10, extremely fragrant clove scent, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Rugose foliage and habit. Difficult to propagate. Needs to be pampered to do well. A small version of 'Belle Poitevine'.

deMontarville L'Assomption, Canada, 1998, Shrub, -----, --' x --, medium pink, ---- flowers, ---" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "New Explorer Rose." "NEW" (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Distant Drums Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, 'September Song' x English Rose 'The Yeoman', 3 - 4' x --', Bronze brown in center and lavender in outer petals, with yellow stamens, double, 40 petaled flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of up to 10, anise-like fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Erect Growth habit. One of my favorite roses. One of the parents of 'The Yoeman' is 'Constance Spry' and one of its parents is the Gallica 'Belle Isis'. September Song is another Buck rose.

Do-Si-Do Dr. Giffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', medium pink, double, -- petalled flowers ---" in diameter (large), in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats (continuous bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Very Hardy. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Dorcas Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', pink freckled, yellow tones, double, -- petalled flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of up to 10, ---- fragrance, repeats (free blooming): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) 4, ARS ---. Tall, healthy bush. Growth habit. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Dornroschenschloss Sababurg, also Sleeping Beauty's Castle, Kordes, Germany, 1993, Shrub, ---- x ----, 3' x 3', pink double, -- petalled flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ---- fragrance, repeats (three times): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Glossy leafed. Drops petals cleanly. Hardy. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Dorothy Perkins Miller, USA, 1901, Climber, Pillar, Rambler, Groundcover, 'Madame Gabiel Luizet' x 'Rosa wichuraiana', --' x --', pink double, -- petalled flowers ---" in diameter, in huge clusters of -- - --, mildly fragrant, once: one month in late summer, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. "Can reach 20' in a single growing season." "The rose was named for the grand-daughter of the founder [Charles H. Perkins] of the nursery firm of Jackson & Perkins, and it became an overnight success. It has a strong tendency to mildew, but the German hybridizer Hertzel developed a mildew-free cultivar called 'Super Dorothy'" (Olds, 1999)

Dortmund Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1955, Kordesii Shrub or short Climber, seedling x 'Rose kordesii', 4' x 11', scarlet red with a white eye, with showy stamens, single, 5 - 10 petaled flowers, 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 10 - 15, light fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS 9.4. It needs regular and heavy deadheading. Sets orange-red hips. May be grown as a climber, pillar, shrub or on north wall. Harkness rates as '*'. Named after a German city. Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1954, Portland Gold Medal 1971.

Dr. Eckener Berger, Germany, 1930, Hybrid Rugosa, Hybrid Tea 'Golden Emblem' x unknown Hybrid Rugosa, 8' x 6', yellow tinged with coppery rose fading to soft pink, cupped, semi-double, --- petaled flowers, ---" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---- . Rugose leaves and huge thorns.

Dr. Harry Upshall Fleming, USA, 1993, Shrub/Climber, 'Liverpool Echo' x 'Rosa foetida persiana', 7' x --', mauve pink blende with golden prominent stamens, double, 30 - 40 petals, --" in diameter (medium), produced in clusters of --, light fragrance, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Dr. W. Van Fleet, also Dr. Walter Van Fleet, Van Fleet, USA, 1910, Climber, ('Rosa wichuraiana' x 'Safrano') x 'Souvenir du President Carnot', 14' x --', soft pink aging to flesh white, double, --- petaled flowers, ---" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, once: in great profusion in early summer, Hardy to zone 5B (on south-facing protected niche), ARS ---- . "Historically important rose, which sported the repeat-flowering 'New Dawn'". "Looks particularly effective when cascading from a tree or covering a shed." (Olds, 1998) "Dr. Walter van Fleet came from Glenn Dale, Maryland, and raised some famous roses, including 'American Pillar'. This rose, bearing his name." (Harkness, 1978)

Dublin Bay Sam McGredy, New Zealand, 1969, Climber, Pillar, 'Bantry Bay' x 'Altissimo', 7 - 10' x 4', bright blood red, semi-double, --- petaled flowers, ---" in diameter, produced singly or in clusters of --, fragrant, repeats (outstanding repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---- . Develops slowly but hardy. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Earth Song Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1975, Grandiflora, 'Music Maker' x 'Prairie Star', 3' x 3', pink 25 petaled flowers 4.5" in diameter, blooms in clusters, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "The late Dr. Griffith Buck bred roses specifically for disease resistance and cold hardiness, and in 'Earth Song' he achieved a remarkable success." It "has overwintered successfully for almost a decade at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, where winter temperatures regularly drop to minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit." (Christopher, 1999). (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Eden Rose 88, also 'Pierre de Ronsard', Meilland, France, 1987, Climber, Pillar, Rambler, '----' x '----', 8' x 8', creamy pink blend, very double, --- petaled flowers, ---" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (good): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B, with careful placement, ARS ---- . Not to be confused with the Hybrid Tea 'Eden Rose' also bred by Meilland in 1950.

Eglantyne David Austin, England, 1994, English Shrub, 'Giant Meyer' x 'Mary Rose', 3' x 3.5', pure pink, cupped, very double, -- petaled flowers ---" in diameter, fragrance '***', repeats (almost always in bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Very disease resistant. Austin's overall assessment '***'. Named "after Eglantyne Jebb, an English woman from Shropshire who founded the Save the Children Fund during the years of World War I." (Austin, 1996)

El Catala Buck, USA, 1981, Grandiflora, ---- x ----, --' x --', red blende, pink reverse, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Electron, also 'Mullard Jubilee', McGredy, UK, 1970, Hybrid Tea, 'Paddy McGredy' x 'Prima Ballerina', --' x --', deep pink, very double, 30 petals, --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, ---- very fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Compact Growth." (Vanderkruk, 2000) Royal National Rose Society Gold Medal 1969, The Hague Gold Medal 1970, Belfast Gold Medal 1972, Portland Gold Medal 1973, All-America Rose Selection 1972

Elmira ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 4' x 5', deep pink, double blooms 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Not much is written on this variety. No source located.

Elmshorn Kordes, Germany, 1985, Shrub, 'Hamburg' x 'Verdun', --' x --', deep pink, cupped, well formed, double, -- petals, small flowers, --" in diameter (Pompom-type), in large trusses of -- - --, slight scent, repeats (free-flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "One of the strongest growing and most free flowering of all shrub roses." "Deserves to be more widely grown where a large plant is required." (Olds, 1999) "Long arching canes; tall, willowy shrub.". (Vanderkruk, 2000) Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1950, National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1950.

Elvesh�rn Kordes, Germany, 1985, Polyantha, 'The Fairy' x seedling, 3' x 3', cherry pink, double, 35 petaled mid-sized flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (extremely profuse in spring the continuous until autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very hardy, thorny and semi-glossy foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

English Miss Roger Pawsey of Cant's of Colchester, UK, 1977, Floribunda, 'Dearest' x 'Sweet Repose', 3' x 3', blush pink, extremely double, up to 60 petals, large flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 without protection, ARS ---. Very hardy, and semi-disease resistant. The rose is named after the raiser's 3 year old daughter - Sallyanne Pawsey. (Macoboy, 1993) Royal Horticultural Society Trial Ground Certificate 1977, British Association of Rose Breeders Selection 1978.

Essex Poulsen, Denmark, 1988, Ground Cover, Parentage unknown, 2' x 5', medium pink, single, small flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (continuously): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. One of the English County Series of ground cover - landscape roses. Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1987, Gold Medal Dublin 1987, Glasglow Certificate of Merit 1995 (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Eutin, also 'Hoosier Glory', Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1940, Floribunda, 'Eva' x 'Solarium', 3' x 3.5', dark carmine-red, with --- stamens, double, --- petaled flowers, 2" in diameter, in clusters of 25 - 50 or more, lightly perfumed, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "It gets is huge flower clusters from its parent 'Eva'." (Olds, 1998) "Like its sister seedling 'Orange Triumph', 'Eutin' was one seen in just about every garden, not so much for the beauty of its individual flowers, which are a rather dull crimson and scentless, as for the unfailing willingness to produce them, in enormous clusters, without needing any special care." "It is a great survivor, and one often sees plants thirty years old or more still adding color to otherwise shabby gardens." (Macoboy, 1993)

Evelyn David Austin, England, 1991, English Shrub, 'Graham Thomas' x 'Tamora', 3.5' x 3', apricot yellow with a hint of pink, in hot weather mostly pink, broad shallow cup, very full blooms, over 40 petalled flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - -- or more, very fragrant '***', repeats (continuously and profusely): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "This variety has perhaps the strongest and most delicious fragrance of all the English Roses. The perfumers Crabtree and Evelyn chose this rose to represent their company." (Austin, 1996) "It gets its color from 'Tamora' and its vigor from 'Graham Thomas" and its inherited color change from 'Gloire de Dijon' (Olds, 1998) Austin's Overall Assessment: '****'

Excelsa, also 'Red Dorothy Perkins', M. H. Walsh, USA, 1909, Rambler, Climber, Groundcover, Thought to be a sport of "Dorothy Perkins', 15' x --', pale crimson to cerise fading with age, full, -- petalled flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - -- or more, ----, once: 3 1/2 weeks profusely in July, hardy to zone 6 (?), ARS ---. "Often seen surviving in the ruins of old gardens". Mildew prone. (Macoboy, 1993) American Rose Society Gold Medal 1914

Eyeopener Ilsink, The Netherlands, 1987, Groundcover, (seeding x 'Eyepaint') x (seedling x 'Dortmund'), 1.5' x 4', vivid red, white eye and prominent gold stamens, single flowers, -- petalled flowers, 1.5" in diameter, in clusters of -- - -- or more, ----, repeats (hundreds of blooms): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. Big arching plant, broader than it is tall. Healthy shiny, deep green foliage. May start later in season. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Fair Bianca David Austin, England, 1982, English Shrub, parentage includes 'Belle Isis', 3' x 2', white tinge of cream at base of petals with a small green center, fully double with 60 or more petals cupped flowers ---" in diameter, strong myrrh fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Recommended grouping 3. (Austin, 1996).

Falcon Kordes, ----, ----, Climber, Pillar, Rambler, -----, 12' x 4', deep red with a few yellow stamens double, with -- petalled flowers ---" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS ---. Very vigorous grower (Brace, 1999) Vanderkruk, 2000, has breeder as Hortico, Canada, 1997.

Fantin-Latour ----, ----, ----, Centifolia, Parentage unknown, 5' x 4', powdery pink blooms, button eye, cupped, very double, -- petalled flowers, 3-4" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, light - intoxicating fragrance, once: mid-summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS 7.6. "Pruning after flowering increases the number of blooms for the following year." "Prone to Mildew." "Henri Fantin-Latour (1836 - 1904) was a famous French painter renowned for still lives and flowers, many of them Old Garden Roses." (Olds, 1999) "Little is known about its history; it was rediscovered and christened by the English rosarian Graham Stuart Thomas, who points out that it is not a pure-bred Centifolia." (Macoboy, 1993) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

First Light Marciel, USA, 1998, Shrub, 'Bonica' x 'Ballerina' 3' x 3', bright pink massed with purple stamens and green-yellow carpels, single, with 5 petalled flowers 3" in diameter, ----, repeats (frequent): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Glossy, dark green leaves.

Fisherman's Friend David Austin, England, 1987, English Shrub, 'Lilian Austin' x 'The Squire' 3.5' x 2.5', deep garnet crimson, cupped, full-petalled, with 60 or more petals, 6-7" in diameter, powerful Old Rose Damask fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Will withstand North American winters better than most." "The rose was named in an auction on behalf of the charity Children in Need." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Assessment '*' Fisherman's Friend is a brand of Throat Lozenge. Flowers better if canes are trained horizontally on a fence or support. (Olds, 1998)

Folklore Kordes, Germany, 1984, Hybrid Tea, 'Fragrant Cloud' x seedling, --' x --', orange blende, very double, 45 - 50 petals, --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, ---- fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Tall, vigorous grower." (Vanderkruk, 2000) "It has produced a soft creamy biscuit sport called 'Delores'." Olds, 1998)

Folksinger Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1985, Shrub, 'Carefree Beauty' x 'Sunsprite' --' x --', yellow flushed with apricot-peach tones, shallow cup, double, 25 - 30 petals, --" in diameter (large), in large and small clusters, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Foliage is dark red, leathery and glossy and disease resistance is excellent." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Fragrant Delight Wisbech Plant Company, UK, 1978, Floribunda, 'Chanelle' x 'Whisky Mac' 3.5' x 3.5', light-orange salmon pink, double, 22 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters, extremely fragrant, repeats (good): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Inherits fragrance from 'Whisky Mac'. Edland Fragrance Award 1976, James Mason Gold Medal 1988

Frau Karl Druschki Peter Lambert of Teir, Germany, 1901, Hybrid Perpetual, Hybrid Perpetual 'Merveille de Lyon' x Hybrid Tea 'Mme Caroline Testout', 4.5' x 6', snow white blooms, cupped, double with 35 petals flowers 3.5 - 5.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, little or no fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, moderate, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS 7.7. The blooms do not like wet weather. The husband of Frau Karl Druschki was president of the German Rose Society. During Wold War I, the rose was given the names 'Snow Queen' and 'White American Beauty'.

Fred Loads Loads, UK, 1967, Floribunda, 'Dorothy Wheatcroft' x 'Orange Sensation' 4.5-5' x --', orange, cupped to saucer-shaped, semi-double, 12 - 18 petals, 3-3.5" in diameter, in enormous clusters, little or no fragrance, repeats (always in bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (winter hardy), ARS 7.7. Inherits its vigor from 'Dorothy Wheatcroft. "The only other contender for such huge trusses is 'Sally Holmes'." (Olds, 1998) "Named for a leading British writer on gardening, it was raised by the English amateur raiser Holmes and introduced in 1968. There is a striped sport from 'Fred Loads' called 'Festival Fanfare'." "It needs something shorter planted in front of it as most of the blooms come from the top of the bush." (Macoboy, 1993) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1967, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Freisinger Morgenrote, also 'Sunrise', Kordes, Germany, 1988, Climber, Seedling x 'Lichtkonigen Lucia', --' x --', red blended with orange, double, 25 petals, ---" in diameter, fragrant, repeats (borne profusely in the spring, some repeat bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Vigorous (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Frensham Norman, UK, 1946, Floribunda, Probably 'Miss Edith Cavell' x 'Edgar Andrew', --' x --', dark red, semi-double blooms with 15 petals, --" in diameter (medium), produced in large clusters of --, little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "One of the great roses of the 1940s and 1950s." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1949

Frimbriata M. Morlet, Avon, France, 1891, Hybrid Rugosa, Rosa rugosa x 'Mme. Alfred Carriere', 4' x 4', pale pink petals with yellow stamens, with frilled edges like a carnation, flowers ---" in diameter, strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. Virtually disease free, tolerates partial shade.

Fritz Nobis Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1940, Shrub, 'Joanna Hill' x 'Magnifica', 6' x 6', light rose and salmon pink with hints of yellow and cream, double flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters up to 20, pleasing fragrance, once: summer (wonderful heavy bloom), hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Arching branches, fat dark red hips. Royal Horticultural Society Award for Garden Merit 1993 Harkness rates as '****'

Frontenac Ogilvie, Canada, 1992, Shrub, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', deep pink with yellow stamens, double flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 6 - 8, ----, repeats (floriferous with repeats): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. "A smaller substitute for Carefree Beauty, but a whole zone hardier." (Brace, 1999) Disease Resistant. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Frontier Twirl Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, 'Sevilliana' x 'Just Joey', --' x --', rose pink with yellow shading lower down in the petals, double, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), singly or several together, fragrant, repeats (blooms continue through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Fru Dagmar Hastrup, also 'Frau Dagmar Hartopp', Hastrup, Denmark, 1914, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 3' x 4', very clear silvery pink with golden stamens single flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, sweet fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 2 - 4, ARS 8.9. Green wrinkled foliage. Large bright red round hips the size of crab apples. "It is beloved of bees." (Schneider, 1995) Harkness gives a '****' rating. Very thorny. Nearly immune to blackspot and mildew. Wonderful fall foliage.

Frulingsgold Kordes, Germany, 1937, Shrub, 'Rosa spinosissima' Hybrid Shrub, 'Joanna Hill' x 'Rosa pimpinellifolia hispida', 7' x 7', pale yellow petals with sulfur yellow stamens, semi-double flowers 4" in diameter in clusters of 2 - 5, slight fragrance, helps to usher in the rose season as it is among the earliest roses to bloom in June, scarcely any later blooms, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Blooms are produced along side shoots made in previous years, pruning will mean loss of potential blooms. Purplish black hips in autumn. The name means "Spring Gold" in German. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Frulingsmorgen Kordes, Germany, 1941, Shrub, 'Rosa spinosissima' Hybrid Shrub, ('E.G. Hill' x 'Cathrine Kordes') x 'Rosa pimpinellifolia altaica', 5-6' x 4-5', rose pink to cherry pink petals with primrose yellow centers surrounding bright maroon stamens, large single flowers ---" in diameter, pleasing fragrance, one of the first to bloom in the spring with a few sporadic blooms in summer an autumn, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Recommended to plant a few together in a clump so they will interlace. The name means 'Spring morning' in German.

Fuzzy Navel Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1995, Shrub, ---- x ----, ---' x ---', amber, yellow, orange, fully double flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of 3 - 7, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Gentle Persuasion Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x ---', yellow blended orange, double, 25 - 30 petals, flowers ---" in diameter, in small clusters of ---, light fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

George Vancouver Agriculture Canada, Canada, 1995, Shrub, ---- x ----, 2-3' x 2', medium red double, -- - -- petals, flowers 2" in diameter, in small clusters of ---, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Explorer Series. Good hips. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

George Will Skinner, Canada, 1939, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 5' x 4', described as both deep pink and deep red with ---- stamens, double, flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate - exceptional fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS ---. Round red hips. No source known.

Gertrude Jekyll David Austin, England, 1986, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x Portland Rose 'Comte De Chambord', 4' x 3', deep pink, fully double flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of ---, exceptionally strong fragrance '***', repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "The rose bears the name of Miss [Gertrude] Jekyll (1843 - 1932), whose writings and practical examples did much to influence garden design especially in the grouping of plants for color effect." (Olds, 1998) Austin's Overall Assessment '****' Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Glamis Castle David Austin, England, 1992, English Shrub, 'Graham Thomas' x 'Mary Rose', 3' x 2.5', creamy white with buff tints in the heart of the blooms, cupped, fully double flowers, with 40 petals or more, --" in diameter, singly or small clusters, strong myrrh fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. The flowers are not spoilt by wet weather. An ideal plant for the front of borders. "'Glamis Castle' takes its name from the Scottish seat of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne - a royal residence since 1372, the childhood home of HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, the birthplace of HRH The Princess Margaret, and the setting for Shakespeare's Macbeth." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Rating '****'

Goldbusch Kordes, Germany, 1954, 'Rosa eglanteria' Hybrid, 'Golden Glow' x 'Rosa eglanteria' hybrid, 8' x 5', medium honey bronze with wavy petals semi-double flowers ---" in diameter (large), in clusters, moderate fragrance, heavy spring blooms followed by lighter blooming periods, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Foliage is sweetly scented. Healthy medium green leaves. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Golden Celebration David Austin, England, 1992, English Shrub, 'Charles Austin' x 'Abraham Darby', 4' x 4', coppery yellow (minute dots of pink on a deep yellow background), cupped, arching stems, fully double flowers, with -- petals or more, 5" in diameter, strong fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Rounded plant with glossy green foliage. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Golden Olymp, also 'Goldener Olymp', Kordes, Germany, 1984, Climber, seedling x 'Goldstern', 9' x 4', bronzy gold, double flowers, with -- petals, --" in diameter, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very winter hardy) --, ARS ---. "Vigorous, hardy climber with typical dark green Kordes foliage." (Brace, 1999) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Golden Wings Roy Shepherd, Medina, Ohio, USA, 1956, Shrub, 'Soeur Therese' x ('Rosa pimpinellifolia altaica' x 'Ormiston Roy'), 5' x 4.5', pale yellow with golden brown stamens, single sometimes with an extra petal or two, flowers 4 - 5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, light and pleasing fragrance, repeats: moderate, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.7. "Roy Shepherd was an eminent rose historian [wrote 'History of the Rose'] who died in 1962." "The flowers 'look frail but in fact withstand wind and rain very well." (Olds, 1998) "Almost the earliest rose to bloom and remains in flower longest of all roses." (Schneider, 1995). "'Ormiston Roy' is an interesting hybrid from S. Doorenbos of The Hague, from 'R. spinosissima' x 'R. xanthia'" (Harkness, 1978) Harkness give a '****' rating. American Rose Society Medal 1958 Royal Horticultural Society Award for Garden Merit 1993

Goldenstern Matt Tantau, Germany, 1966, Climber, Rambler, parentage unknown, 10' x --', deep golden yellow, fully double flowers 4" in diameter, slight fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Sprawling shrub or climber. Name means "golden star". Tolerates partial shade. Good for cold exposed sites. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Goldenunicorn, also 'Golden Unicorn', Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, 'Paloma Blanca' x ('Carefree Beauty' x 'Antike'), 3-4' x 3-4', yellow edged with orange-red, large shallow cupped flowers, double, --" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats (continuous blooming): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Goldmarie 82, also 'Goldmarie 84' Reimer Kordes, Germany, 1984, Floribunda, (['Arthur Bell' x 'Zorina'] x ['Honeymoon' x ' Dr A J Verhage']) x (seedling x 'Korresia'), 3' x 3', deep yellow flowers with some pink red markings on the outside of the blooms, firm upright stems, fully double, wavy petals, with 35 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters, delicately scented, repeats (blooms produced freely): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Not to be confused with Goldmarie, a similar 1958 introduction by Kordes. A synonym for 'Korresia' is 'Sunsprite'.

Gourmet Popcorn Desamero, USA, 1986, Miniature, Sport of 'Popcorn', 2' x --', pure white with golden yellow stamens, semi-double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of 30 - 60, fragrance like rose honey, repeats (everblooming): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Deep green disease resistant foliage. Royal National Rose Society Trial Ground Certificate 1995

Grace Note Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', bright pink with red freckles, double, --" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (very hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Graham Thomas David Austin, England, 1983, English Shrub, 'Charles Austin' x (Floribunda 'Iceberg' x seedling), 4' x 4', yellow, cupped, very double, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, Tea Rose fragrance '***', repeats (remarkable continuity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS 8.4. One of the best English Roses. Very vigorous and free branching. "Graham Thomas, who chose this variety to bear his name, was the prime mover for the reintroduction of the Old Roses, and may be said to have paved the way for the development of the English Roses." (Austin, 1996) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993 Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Grootendorst Supreme Grootendorst, The Netherlands, 1936, Hybrid Rugosa, sport of 'F. J. Grootendorst', 4' x 5.5', dark garnet red, with ---- stamens, with serrated petals, fully double, flowers 1" in diameter, in clusters of 15 - 25, very little to no fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. "Not as vigorous and easily grown as its parent." (Macoboy, 1993)

Gruss An Aachen Geduldig, Germany, 1909, Floribunda, 'Frau Karl Druschki' x 'Franz Deegen', 2.5' x --', pearly pink and cream flowers full petaled flowers --" in diameter, pleasing fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. The name means 'greetings to Aachen', which was the raiser's home city.

H. C. Anderson M. & Oleson, ----, 1987, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 2-3' x --', dark red, ---- blooms with -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats (free-flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Outstanding." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Habanera Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1976, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', dark cardinal red, shallow cup, double, --" in diameter, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Disease resistant. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Hans Christian Anderson Pernille Olesen (nee Poulsen), Denmark, 1986, Floribunda, Parentage undisclosed, 3' x 3', blood red blooms, visible stamens, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Color holds until the petals drop. Lush bronzy green foliage.

Hansa Schaum and Van Tol, The Netherlands, 1905, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 5' x 7', reddish mauve with mauve highlights, crinkled petals, double, 35 - 45 petals, flowers 3 - 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, strong clove-like scent, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS 8.3. Large deep orange-red hips just right for making rosehip tea. Typical rugose foliage and habit.

Hansaland, also 'Charles Notcutt', Kordes, Germany, 1993, Shrub, Parentage unknown, 5' x --', bright deep scarlet, cupped, yellow stamens, semi-double (medium), --" in diameter, pleasing fragrance, repeats (very free flowering, and continues to show color throughout summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Derived from 'Rosa rugosa'. Semi-glossy foliage (Olds, 1998) Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1996, Belfast Certificate of Merit 1997 (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Hawkeye Belle Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1975, Shrub, ('Queen Elizabeth' x 'Pizzicato') x 'Prairie Princess', 4' x 4', white suffused with azalea pink double flowers 4.5" in diameter, powerful fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "A professor of horticulture at Iowa State University at Ames, Dr. Buck hybridized geraniums and some 80-90 roses. His approach was to introduce hardiness into the hybrid tea, grandiflora and floribunda types via genes from hardier species and varieties." (Brace, 1999) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Heideschnee, also 'Snow on the Heather' Kordes, Germany, 1990, Groundcover, Parentage unknown, 2' x 6', pure white with yellow stamens, single, 5 petals, ---" in diameter, light fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Glossy dark green foliage. Forms a solid matt on the ground. "Like a low-slung Heidesommer" (Brace, 1999).

Heidesommer Kordes, Germany, 1985, Polyantha, 'The Fairy' x seedling, 3' x 3', pure white with yellow stamens, semi-double, -- petals, ---" (small) in diameter, pleasing fragrance, repeats (blooms freely): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Glossy dark green foliage. Name translates to 'Summer in the Heather' "It is useful to plant in a group at the front of a border." (Olds, 1998)

Heirloom Bill Warriner from Jackson & Perkins, USA, 1972, Hybrid Tea, seedling x seedling, 4' x 3', deep lilac purple with darker shading toward the rims, cupped, double, -- petals, ---" (large) in diameter, singly or in small clusters, strong sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Very tolerant of our winters. Blooms heavily on short stems. A wonderful rose. �

Henri Martin, also 'Red Moss', Laffay, France, 1863, Moss, Parentage unknown but is Rosa x centifolia muscosa, 5' x 8', crimson-purple double, 65 - 70 petals with golden stamens, 3" in diameter in clusters of 5 - 10, strong fragrance, one profuse blooming in June, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.8. Few thorns but many soft bristles on gracefully arching stems. Moss is aromatic and smells like balsam. It need support of some kind, such as a tripod or trellis to give its best. Orange-red hips. Leaves medium to dark green, rough and abundant (Schneider, 1995). "Named for the popular historian, one of the circle that promoted the gift of the Statue of Liberty from France to America." (Macoboy, 1993).

Henry Hudson Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1976, Hybrid Rugosa, seedling of 'Schneezwerg', 4' x 5', white semi-double with golden stamens, fall's cooler weather may add a touch of pink, medium diameter, spicy clove fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 2 or 3, ARS 9.1. Rugosa foliage, spreads by suckering. Tolerates some shade. Canadian Explorer Series - Named to commemorate the explorer who died vainly trying to seek the Northwest Passage.

Henry Kelsey Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1984, Kordesii Shrub or modest Climber, Hybrid of 'R. kordesii' x seedling, 7' x 5', red with golden stamens, semi-double, 25 petals, flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters up to of 5 - 18, sharp spicy scent, repeats (freely and repeatedly): heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Petals drop cleanly. Glossy green foliage that withstands mildew. "Left to itself, this rose will make a large arching shrub 6 feet high and 8 feet across. Tied up it will go up as much as 8 feet high." (Brace, 1999) Canadian Explorer Series (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Heritage David Austin, England, 1984, English Shrub, seedling x (Floribunda 'Iceberg' x 'Wife of Bath'), 4-5' x 4', soft clear pink at center whiter at edges, cupped, Old Garden Rose style, very double flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, strong pleasing scent with hint of lemon or honey '***', repeats (excellent repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Bowing branches. Preforms well in partial shade. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'. Petals are delicate and are short lived with sprinkler system.

Hi Neighbor Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1981, Grandiflora, 'Queen Elizabeth' is a parent, 4-5' x --', soft red - crimson double very large, globular, cupped flowers --" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Shade Tolerant (Clements, 1999) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Honeysweet Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ----x ----, --' x --', pumpkin orange double, 25 - 30 petals, flowers --" in diameter, in attractive clusters, rich honey fragrance, repeats (floriferous): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Compact bushy shrub.

Hunter Mattock, United Kingdom, 1961, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa rumba' x Kordes Floribunda 'Independence', --' x --', bright crimson double flowers --" in diameter, faintly scented, main flush in spring but with continuous repetition in a lesser way until autumn, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Iceberg Remier Kordes, Germany, 1958, Floribunda, 'Robin Hood' x 'Virgo', 4' x --', white, semi-double blooms with 30 petals, 3" in diameter, produced in clusters of up to 15, moderate fragrance, repeats (free-flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (some cane die-back in 5A), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "Rain resistant and long lasting." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1958, Baden-Baden Gold Medal 1958, World's Favorite Rose 1983, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Illusion Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1961, Kordesii Shrub, 'Rosa wichuraiana' x 'Rosa rugosa', 5' x 10', rose red double flowers 3 1/2" in diameter, in clusters of 5-10, lightly fragrant, repeats: heavy, slight, moderately, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Exceptional performer at Elizabeth Park Rose Garden in Hartford, Connecticut (Christopher, 1999).

Ilse Krohn Superior Kordes, Germany, 1964, Climber, Pillar, Sport of Ilse Krohn, 9' x 4', white tea rose type blooms double flowers ---" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, mildly fragrant, repeats (only abundant in spring): heavy, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "It has healthy, glossy dark green leaves and a rampant, long, spreading habit that makes it ideal to grow or even to climb a tree. It is hardy and resistant to black spot." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Ispahan ----, ----, Pre-1832, Damask, Parentage unknown, 5' x 3', bright clear pink, loosely double, 24 - 30 petals, flowers 2.5 - 3" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, once: one long blooming period from early summer - late summer, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Upright, moderately vigorous, bushy. Disease Free and winter hardy." (Schneider, 1995) "Ispahan is the former capital of Persia, known for the beauty of its architecture, its carpets and its roses, though whether this was one of them no one is sure." (Macoboy, 1993)

J. P. Connell Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1987, Shrub, 'Arthur Bell' x 'Von Scharnhorst', 5.5' x 3.5', inner petals are medium yellow; outer petals are yellow white fading to cream in hot weather, double flowers 3" in diameter produced in small clusters of 2 - 5, strong tea scent, repeats: moderate, none, slight, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. No prickles. "This rose needs to establish itself before the bloom count increases." "This is the first yellow rose to be released in the Canadian breeding program for winter-hardy roses." (Olds, 1998). Very disease resistant. Prey to blackspot. Upright plant with plentiful, rich green foliage. "Layering may be the best way to propagate J.P. Connell, which is moderately difficult to root". (Osborne, 1991) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Jacques Cartier, also 'Marchesa Boccella (Desprez, France, 1842), Robert-Moreau, ----, 1868, Portland, Parentage unknown, 5' x 3', soft pink, quartered, green button eye, double, ---- petals, flowers 3-4" in diameter, in tight clusters of -- - --, outstandingly fragrant, repeat: mid-summer to late- autumn, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Foliage is light green when young deepening to a blue-green with age." "Most authorities now believe that 'Jacques Cartier' is the same rose as 'Marchesa Boccela'" (Olds, 1998) "Like 'Compte de Chambord', but bloom larger, paler and less fragrant." (Brace, 1999) "It was introduced by Moreau-Robert in 1868,; but shortly afterwards, everyone was growing Hybrid Perpetuals, and the Portlands were forgotten." (Harkness, 1978) Jacques Cartier was a French explorer. (Macoboy, 1993) Harkness rates as '*' (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Jayne Austin David Austin, England, 1990, English Shrub, 'Graham Thomas' x 'Tamora' (relates back to Climbing Noisette 'Gloire de Dijon'), 4' x 3.5', apricot to apricot shaded yellow coloring, shallow cupped then rosette form, double flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, Tea Rose fragrance '***', repeats (flowers freely and repeats well): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "The foliage is plentiful and pale green, showing signs of the plant's Noisette Rose ancestry." (Austin, 1996) Austin's overall Assessment is '****' Named for the breeder's daughter-in-law.

Jeanne LaJoie Sima, USA, 1975, Climbing Miniature, 'Casa Blanca' x 'Independence', 5 - 6' x --', medium pink, double, 40 or more petals, 2" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance, repeats (bloom production is staggering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very winter hardy) 5, ARS ---. "The tall canes can easily be trained to assume the lateral horizontal position to optimize bloom production along the cane" (Olds, 1998)

Jens Munk Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1974, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Schneezwerg' x 'Frau Dagmar Hartopp', 5' x 5', soft pink with a tone of lilac, yellow stamens, semi-double flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5, slight - moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS 9.2. Bush is unshapely when young. Small crop of hips. Rugose foliage. Canadian Explorer Series.

Jim Bowie Williams, USA, 1995, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', red buds open to pink, semi-double, --" in diameter, in sprays, very fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Arching form. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Jim Lounsbery Fleming, ----, 1994, Shrub, ---- x ----, 5' x --', bright orange, ----, 2.5" in diameter, ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Disease and insect resistant; good landscape shrub. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Jiminy Cricket Boerner, USA, 1954, Floribunda, ---- x ----, --' x --', tangerine red bud open to coral pink, ---- blooms with -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

John Cabot Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1978, Kordesii Shrub, 'Rosa kordesii' x seedling, 6' x 6' to 8' if supported, deep pink to medium red, some petals are marked with a distinctive white stripe, yellow stamens, semi-double to double flowers, 40 petals, 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5, none - moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 3, ARS 9.4. "This variety can be grown in tough conditions and will require little maintenance." (Olds, 1998) One of the best of the Canadian Explorer Series. Certificate of Excellence from Britain's Royal National Rose Society 1985. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

John Davis Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1986, Kordesii Shrub, ('Rosa kordesii' x seedling) x seedling, 5' x 6', 8' if trained as a climber, mid-pink flowers with cream to yellow at the base of the petals, golden stamens, double, with around 40 petals flowers 3.5" in diameter produced in clusters of 5 - 10, none - slight - spicy fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS --. "This variety requires little attention. Its habit is to form long canes that run or trail along the ground. Canadian Explorer Series. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

John Franklin Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1980, Shrub, 'Lilli Marleen' x seedling, 3' x 4', medium red with double flowers 3" in diameter produced in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, repeats (always blooming): heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Yellow-green prickles with purple hues. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

John's Rose Mekdeci, ----, 1994, Shrub, ---- x ----, 6' x 2', flame orange, melding to fluorescent pink, semi-double, 2.5" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---.

Jude The Obscure David Austin, England, 1995, English Shrub, 'Abraham Darby' x 'Windrush', 4' x 3.5', rich yellow in center and soft yellow on outer petals, old-fashioned, double flowers, --" in diameter, singly or small clusters, lovely, strong and unusual fragrance '***', repeats (very free flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Sometimes fails to open in damp weather." (Austin, 1996) "Named for the 19th century novel by Thomas Hardy." (Clements, 2000) Austin's Overall Assessment '**'

Kakwa Wallace, Canada, 1973, Rosa spinosissima Hybrid Shrub, Hybrid of 'Rosa spinosissima', --' x --', white from a distance and pale pink up close, double flowers --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, intense fragrance, one 'enthusiastic' flowering in spring - one of the first roses to flower in the spring, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Does equally well in sun or shade Disease resistant.

Karl Forster Kordes, Germany, 1931, Scotch, 'Frau Karl Drushki' x 'Rosa spinosissima altaica', 5' x 6', snow white high centered almost double blooms with golden stamens 3" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy summer blooming with slight repeats until autumn, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. Does well in poor soils or shade. Deadheading will promote blooms in autumn. Ideal rose for a woodland garden. "As a revered plantsman and author in Germany between the wars, Karl Forster is remembered today mostly for his work with grasses, and for this rose named in his honor." (Olds, 1998)

Karlsruhe Kordes, Germany, 1957, Kordesii, 'Rosa kordesii' x 'Golden Glow', 3' x 4', rose pink, globular at first, becoming cupped, double blooms with ---- stamens 3 - 4" in diameter, in clusters from 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Best suited for growing on pillars or on walls. "Karlsruhe is a city near the French border in southwest Germany, the name meaning 'Charles's Peace' with reference to Charlemagne." (Olds, 1998) "The city of Karlsruhe, founded in 1715, is near Heidelberg, and has been rebuild after almost total destruction in World War II." (Macoboy, 1993)

Kathryn Morley David Austin, England, 1990, English Shrub, 'Mary Rose' x 'Chaucer', 5-6' x 3', soft pink, cupped, double blooms with -- stamens --" in diameter, strong myrrh and Old Rose fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Mr. & Mrs. Eric Morley of the Varsity Club of Great Britain bought the right to name this rose at the charity auction, and named it after their daughter who died at the age of eighteen." (Austin, 19996) Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Kathleen Ferrier Buisman, The Netherlands, 1954, Floribunda, 'Gartenstolz' x 'Shot Silk', --' x --', light salmon pink with white toward the petal bases, yellow stamens, long stems, single - semi-double blooms with -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in well filled sprays, pleasing scent, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The variety commemorates the popular British contralto who lived 1912 - 1953 and inspired many through her glorious voice, warm personality and faith in times of adversity." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Trial Ground Certificate 1955 Hortico "Rose of the Year 2000"

Kazanlik, also 'Rosa damascena trigintipetala', 'Trigintipetala' ----, ----, Pre-1700, Damask, Parentage unknown, 6' x 6', soft pink, creamy yellow colored stamens, a bit more than semi-double, 2" in diameter, delicious fragrance, once: early to mid-summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "This plant is extensively grown in Kazanlik, Bulgaria because it is one of the varieties used to make the famous 'attar of roses'." (Olds, 1998) "Survives drying for pot pourri'." (Brace, 1999) Forms elongated hips typical of Damask Roses.

King J Fleming, Canada, 1995, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa alba' x 'Assiniboine', 3' x 3', casual white, semi-double, 2.5" in diameter, fragrant, repeats: (strongly recurrent): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. No hips. Dark green rugose foliage.

Konigin Von Danemark James Booth, Denmark, 1926, Alba, 'Rosa alba' x 'hybrid of unknown Damask, 5' x 5', bright deep pink with good button center very double,perhaps 200 petals, blooms 3" in diameter, exquisite fragrance, once: mid summer sometimes so heavy that they bend the branches over in an arching fashion so they almost touch the ground, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. Very thorny. Bluish green leaves,In very wet seasons the blooms do not fully open. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. Name means "Queen of Denmark" Harkness give it a "*" rating. The Booth nursery was in Schleswig-Holstein, then part of Denmark but now in Germany.

Kordes' Brillant, also 'Kordes' Brilliant' Kordes, Germany, 1983, Shrub, seedling of 'Sympathie' x seedling, 4' x 4', orange- red, double, ---" in diameter, in big sprays, slightly fragrant, repeats (first flush very prolific - then continues to autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Bright green shiny leaves. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

L.D. Braithwaite David Austin, England, 1988, English Shrub, 'Mary Rose' x 'The Squire', 3.5' x 3.5', crimson that does not fade quickly, double, 40 petals or more, ---" in diameter, fairly strong Old Rose Fragrance '***', repeats (remarkable continuity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Withstands wet weather well. Named after Leonard Braithwaite, Austin's father-in-law. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Lagerfeld Christensen, USA, 1986, Grandiflora, 'Blue Nile' x ('Ivory Tower' x 'Angel Face'), 5' x 3', grayish lavender, double, 30 petals, ---" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 15, good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "It was named for a Parisian couturier." (Olds, 1998) Rain rots petals.

Lambert Closse ----, Canada, 1996, Shrub, ----, 2.5' x 2.5', medium pink, double blooms --" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Canadian Explorer series.

Laura Ford Warner, UK, 1989, Climbing Miniature, ('Anna Ford' x ('Elizabeth of Glamis' x ['Galway Bay' x 'Sutter's Gold']), --' x --', medium yellow with lighter reverse, double, 22 petals, in clusters of 5 - 10, fruity scent, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Weatherproof, providing an abundance of bloom throughout the year on an easy to maintain and disease resistant plant." (Olds, 1998)

Lavender Dream Ilsink, The Netherlands, 1984, Floribunda, 'Yesterday' x 'Nastarana', --' x --', lilac-pink, golden stamens, semi-double blooms with about 16 petals, --" in diameter (small), produced in big close clusters, little fragrance, repeats (very free initial blooming then continues to produce flowering shoots through the rest of the summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The foliage, which is matt and light-green, is sometimes touched by seasonal mildew." (Olds, 1998) Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1987

Lavender Friendship Verschuren, Netherlands, 1984, Shrub, ----, 2.5' x 6', lavender - true blue, single, small --" in diameter, ----, in huge clusters, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "It starts with canes going up to about 3' before they bend over and reach out." (Brace, 1999) Disease resistant. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Les Sjulin Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1981, Shrub, 'Country Dancer' x (['Dornroschen' x 'Peace'] x 'Pink Peace'), ---' x ---', coral pink on the inner petal surface and light red on the reverse, double, 25 - 30 petals, --" in diameter, ----, in clusters of up to 8, strong Old Rose perfume, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone --, ARS ---.

Leverkusen Kordes, Germany, 1954, Cluster-Flowered Climber, 'Rosa kordesii' x 'Golden Glow', 8' x --', pale yellow, semi- double blooms --" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy summer blooming with slight repeats until autumn, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS ---. Can be trained to arches, pillars, fences or walls or grown without support as a large tangle shrub. Named for a German town.

Lichtkoenigin Lucia Kordes, Germany, 1966, Shrub, Climber, 'Zitronenfalter' x ' Clare Gammerstorf', --' x --', intense lemon yellow, red stamens, semi-double, 18 petals, --" in diameter (medium), produced in clusters of 2, pleasing fragrance, repeats (prolific first flush, continuity of flowering is well maintained through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "Probably the most underrated yellow shrub that has ever been raised" "The name means 'Lucia, Queen of Light'." (Olds, 1998) Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1968

Liebeszauber, 'Crimson Spire', Kordes, Germany, 1991, Hybrid Tea, seedling x 'Pink Panther', --' x --', dark red, very double, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced singly, very fragrant, repeats (continuous bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Exhibition form on strong upright stems." (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The name means 'Love's Magic'." (Olds, 1998)

Lillian Austin David Austin, England, 1973, English Shrub, 'Modern Climber 'Aloha' x 'The Yeoman', 3' x 4', salmon-pink, with orange and apricot tints, double, 30 or so petals, blooms 3.5" in diameter, borne singly or clusters up to 5, moderate fragrance '**', repeats (blooms produced continually): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Dark semi-glossy foliage. Austin's Overall Assessment '****' Named after David Austin's mother.

Lillian Gibson Hansen, USA, 1938, Shrub, 'Rosa blanda' x 'Red Star', 9' x --', medium pink, double, -- petals, 3" in diameter (large), produced in clusters of 15 - 25, extremely fragrant, once: summer, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. "Arching Canes." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Linda Campbell Ralph Moore, USA, 1990, Hybrid Rugosa, Miniature 'Anytime' x 'Rosa Magnifica', 3-5' x --', medium red pointed buds, cupped, double, 25 petals, 3" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 20, no fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (extremely hardy), ARS ---. "This rose was named after a former editor of the 'American Rose Annual', who died of cancer at a young age." (Olds, 1998)

Livin' Easy Harkness, UK, 1992, Floribunda, 'Southampton' x 'Remember Me', 3' x --', apricot blossoms, aging salmon-orange, double blooms --" in diameter, fruity fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Royal National Rose Society Gold Medal 1990, All-American Rose Selection 1996, Portland Gold Medal 1998.

Louise Jolliet Ogilvie, ---, 1991, Shrub, ---- x ----, 3-4' x --', medium pink, very double, -- petals, --" in diameter (medium), produced in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats (continuous bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Listed as a winter hardy shorter Canadian rose in article by Bill Buckles, Iowa, 1996. (Clements, 2000) "Trailing habit; can be a climber." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Louise Odier Margottin, France, 1851, Bourbon, seedling of 'Emile Courtier', 4.5-5' x --', warm pink flowers, very double, 35 - 45 petals, blooms 3.5" in diameter, rich powerful fragrance, repeats (one of the most floriferous of the Old Garden Roses): ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS ---. "Canes smooth with few thorns. Leaves light to medium green." "It makes a good trio with 'La Reine Victoria' and 'Madame Pierre Oger'" (Schneider, 1995)

Lucetta David Austin, England, 1983, English Shrub, Parentage not known but of the Heritage strain, --' x --', warm pink, almost white toward the end of their life, opening flat, slightly more than semi-double, -- petals, blooms 5" in diameter, good fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Lyda Rose Kleine Lettunich, USA, 1994, Shrub, seedling of "Francis E. Lester', 3-4' x --', delicate white and pink, single, -- petals, blooms 2.5" in diameter, bourne in large clusters, very strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone (might not be hardy enough for zone 5) --, ARS ---. Named after the breeder's daughter and the song from 'The Music Man'. "It is a disease free and spreading plant with rich green foliage that will even flower well in the shade." (Olds, 1998)

Madame Alfred Carriere Joseph Schwartz, France, 1879, Noisette Climber, Rambler, Parentage unknown, 9' x 3', pale pink white with yellow at the base of the center petals, cupped, globular, full, 35 petals, blooms 2.5 - 3" in diameter, bourne in large clusters, very fragrant, repeats (mid-season bloom with excellent repeat): ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone (a wall may offer enough protection to enable this beauty to grown in borderline winter conditions) 5B - 6, ARS ---. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Madame Hardy M. Eugene Hardy, Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, France, 1832, Damask, Parentage unknown, 5-5.5' x --', white with green button eye, quartered, exquisitely formed, first cupped then opening very flat, very double, perhaps 200 petals, blooms 3 - 3.5" in diameter, solitary and clusters, very fragrant, once: early summer for about 3 weeks, hardy to zone 4, ARS 9.0. Weather can damage the delicate petals. "Upright, vigorous, bushy. Disease free and winter hardy. Canes moderately thorny. Leaves gray-green, rough, abundant." (Schneider, 1995) Named after the breeders wife. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Madame Isaac Pereire Garcon, France, 1881, Bourbon, Parentage unknown, 7' short climber (or pillar), deep rose pink with shades of purple, full cupped and sometime quartered blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters, intense fragrance, repeats: heavy,

----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS 8.4. Named for the wife of a Parisian banker during the reign on Napoleon III. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. Should be grown on "a wall facing a neighbor one wishes to annoy." (Harkness,1978).

Madame Scipion Cochet Cochet, France, 1873, Hybrid Perpetual, Parentage unknown, 5' x --', purplish-pink flowers edged in pink, silvery reverse, double blooms 3.5" in diameter,in clusters of 2 - 5, very fragrant, repeats: heavy, slight, none, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Large strong branches are covered with light green foliage." "This rose is hard to find and only two nurseries in the world still offer it." (Olds, 1998)

Maiden's Blush, also 'Cuisse de Nymph', Kew Gardens records, United Kingdom, 1797 - possibly 15th century or earlier, Alba, 'Rosa alba' x 'Rosa centifolia', 6' x 6', blush pink, very double, perhaps 200 petals, globular blooms 2.5 - 3" in diameter, sweetly scented, once: extremely profuse June, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. Two forms available 'Great' and 'Small' refers to the bush and flower size. Upright shrub with blue-tinted foliage. Harkness gives it a '**' rating. 'Cuisse de Nymph' in French means 'Nymph's thighs'.

Maigold Kordes, Germany, 1953, Shrub/Climber, 'Poulsen's Pink' x 'Fruhlingstag' or 'McGredy's Wonder' x 'Fruhlingsgold', --' x --', rich orange-bronze, cupped, semi-double, 14 petals, 4" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, very fragrant, once: very early, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. The upright growth is very thorny, and there are next to no flowers after the initial burst. The glossy foliage can be susceptible to blackspot. Heralds the rose season." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Trial Ground Certificate (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Mandarin Kordes, Germany, 1987, Miniature/Polyantha, Parentage unknown, 1' x 3', orange pink classic cupped shape, flatter as they open, double blooms ---" in diameter (little pompons), in clusters of -- - --, --- fragrant, repeats (nearly constant bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Not to be confused with a Floribunda rose with the same name raised by Boerner, USA, 1951. Very dark green foliage. Glasgow Gold Medal 1994, Dublin Certificate of Merit.

Margo Koster Koster, The Netherlands, 1931, Polyantha, Sport of 'Dick Koster', 1.5' x 1.5', salmon pink, cupped shape, semi-double, 7 - 12 petals, blooms 1.25" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance, repeats (late season bloom with excellent repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "This rose is a sport of 'Dick Koster', which is in turn a sport of 'Annike Koster', which is a sport of 'Greta Kluis', which is a sport of 'Echo, which is a sport of the climbing rose 'Tausendshon'!" (Olds, 1998)

Marguerite Hilling Thomas Hilling, UK, 1959, Hybrid Moyesii, Sport of 'Nevada', 8' x 8', dark pink, paling to white in the center, single flowers 4" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, slight, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS --. Enormous quantities of flowers along arching canes. Remove old wood to encourage new growth. Canes red with few thorns. Harkness rates as '****'. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Maria Stern Brownell, USA, 1969, Hybrid Tea, ---- x ----, --' x --', orange, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced in clusters of ---, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Sub-zero rose; good cut flower." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Marie Bugnet Bugnet, Canada, 1963, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Therese Bugnet' x seedling) x 'FJ Grootendorst', pure white, informally double flowers --" in diameter (small), fragrant, repeats (starts early and repeats late into fall): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS --. "Elongated foliage shows an olive cast. No hips, but reddish canes are attractive in winter." (Brace, 1999)

Marie Victorin L'Assomption, Canada, 1999), Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', peach pink, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Hardy. New Explorer Rose." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Martin Frobisher Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1968, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Schneezwerg' seedling, 5' x 4', short climber or rambler, soft pink, double, with 25 or so petalled blooms 2.5" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Very few thorns.

Mary Rose David Austin, England, 1983, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x 'The Miller', 4-6' x 4', strong rose-pink in color, cupped, very double, 40-plus petals, flowers 4 - 4.5" in diameter, fragrant '*', repeats (starts early and finishes late with remarkable continuity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (one of Austin's hardiest) --, ARS --. Austin's Overall Assessment '****' "This rose was named on behalf of the Mary Rose Trust to mark the dramatic recovery of Henry VIII's flagship of that name after more than 400 years." (Austin, 1996)

Masquerade Boerner, USA, 1949, Floribunda, 'Goldilocks' x 'Holiday', --' x --', light yellow changing to salmon-pink and finally to a muddy red, very strong stems, semi-double, --- petals, --" in diameter (small), produced in huge clusters up to 30, slight fragrance, repeats: (flowers over a very long period): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The first of the Cluster-flowered Roses that changed to a deeper color as the flowers matured, a feature inherited from the China Roses." "It is strong growing, disease resistant with dark green, very profuse foliage." "If the spent blooms are not removed, a large crop of red round hips is produced, these looking most attractive among the multicolored flowers." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1952

Maytime Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1975, Shrub, 'Elegance' x 'Prairie Princess', 4' x 3', carmine rose with yellow at base, single blooms 4" in diameter. fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Plant is densely covered with glossy leathery dark foliage". (Brace, 1999) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Max Graf James H. Bowditch, Pomfret Center, Connecticut, USA, 1919, Hybrid Rugosa, Probably 'Rosa rugosa' x 'Rosa wichuraiana', 2' x 8', soft rose pink with golden stamens, single blooms 2" in diameter, delightful fragrance, once: spring only for many weeks, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Sets few hips. Long trailing shoots that sometimes self root. Shade tolerant and care free. "Its origin is obscure; according to [Wilhelm] Kordes, it was found in a garden in the United States. From its appearance, being a trailer with leaves suggesting 'R. rugosa', it was assumed to be a hybrid between that species and 'R. wichuraiana'; we may consider it to be the first ground cover rose. And it was soon found to be exceptionally hardy." "If the parentage has been correctly assumed, it is a hybrid between two species whose resistance to blackspot is high, and therefore of potential value to breeders." "'Max Graf' was not at first sight valuable to breeders, because of infertile pollen and few hips. Wilhelm Kordes tried to breed from it despite these disabilities, and he reported that over many years he collected only three or four hips from a large plant. In 1941 he raised two seedlings, one of which resembled 'R. rugosa', and died of frost in its first winter. The other was 'R. kordesii'; it set seed freely, and was very hardy. But there was hidden in its cells a third gift, still greater: it proved compatible with modern roses, having increased its chromosomes from the fourteen of its parents to the twenty-eight of Hybrid Teas and Floribundas. The key was now given to admit modern roses the combined qualities of two of the healthiest wild roses, namely Max Graf's parents, assumed, but with some certainty, to be 'R. rugosa' and 'R. wichuraiana'. 'R. kordesii' breed true from seed, and has therefore been accepted as a species, although I should have thought it more consistent of the authorities to denote it a hybrid species." Some Kordesii hybrids are the Hybrid Teas 'Silver Jubilee', 'Dortmund', Hamburger Phoenix', Leverkusen', Parkdirektor Riggers' and 'Ritter von Barmstede'." (Harkness, 1978) Other breeders who have used 'R. Kordesii' are Ralph Moore, Dr. & Mrs. Brownell and Felicitas Svejda, of Canada who introduced it into the Explorer Series of roses.

Metis Harp, ----, 1967, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', light rose pink, double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, once: blooms late, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Red fall foliage." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Michael Leek Fleming, Canada, 1994, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 3' x --', bright orange-red, a bit scalloped, single, 5 - 9 petals --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Moje Hammarberg Hammarberg, Sweden, 1931, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 4', reddish violet - deep pink, yellow stamens, loosely double, -- petals --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Rugose foliage, short stems, large red abundant hips. "Blends with 'Magnifica' & 'Hansa' where similar color but varying height is needed." (Brace, 1999)

Moncton Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1977, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Schneezwerg' x 'Rosa chinensis', 4' x 4.5', pale pink double flowers with 20 petals 2" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, very fragrant, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. No source known.

Mont Blanc ----, Germany, 1986, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', clear white blushed with lilac, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Fall Hips.

Monte Casino ----, Germany, 1985, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', rose-pink, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Almost a junior Belle Poitevine.

Monte Rosa ----, Germany, 1986, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', pink, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Good Hips.

Morden Amorette Marshall, ----, 1988, Shrub, ---- x ----, 4' x 5', medium red, double blooms 3" in diameter in clusters of 5-10. no fragrance, repeats (continual bloom): heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morden Blush Colicutt & Marshall, Canada, 1988, Shrub, ('Prairie Princess' x 'Morden Amorette') x ('Prairie Princess' x ['White Bouquet' x ('Rosa arkansas' x 'Assiniboine')]), 3' x 3', light pink fading to ivory, double, 50 petals, blooms 2-3" in diameter, forms clusters of 1 - 5, ---- fragrance, repeats (floriferous): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. Canadian Parkland Series. Hybrid tea like blooms. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morden Cardinette Marshall, Canada, 1980, Shrub, ---- x ----, 2.5' x 1', red blend, cupped, double blooms 2.5" in diameter in clusters of 5-10. no fragrance, repeats: moderate, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone ----, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morden Centennial Marshall, Canada, 1980, Shrub, 'Prairie Princess' x ('White Bouquet' x [J. W. Fargo' x 'Assiniboine']), 5.5' x 4.5', medium pink, double, 50 petals, blooms 3.5" in diameter, forms clusters of 5 - 15, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, heavy, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Rose was named for the Canadian Department of Agriculture's breeding station in Morden, Manitoba. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morden Fireglow Colicutt & Marshall, Canada, 1989, Shrub, Seedling x 'Morden Cardinette', 2.5' x 2.5', bright orange-red, red reverse, cupped, double, 28 petals, blooms 2.5" in diameter, forms small clusters, fragrant, repeats (good repeat cycle): ----, ----, ----, cane hardy to zone 4, crown hardy to 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morden Ruby Marshall, Canada, 1977, Shrub, 'Fire King' x ('J.W. Fargo' x 'Assiniboine'), 3.5' x 5', deep pink spattered with small dots of crimson, double blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters of 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Susceptible to blackspot. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morgenrot Kordes, Germany, 1985, Shrub, ('Marlena' x 'Europeana') x (['Tropicana' x 'Carina'] x [Claire Grammerstorf' x 'Fruhlingsmorgen']), 3' x 3', bright red, white centers, yellow stamens, single, 5 petals, --" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, light fragrance, repeats (showy; repeat bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The foliage is small, dark and matt." "Good display of dull red hips." (Olds, 1998) Paris Gold Medal 1983 (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Morning Jewel Cocker, UK, 1968, Climber, 'New Dawn' x 'Red Dandy', 8' x --', intense pink, semi-double, 20 petals, --" in diameter (large), produced singly and in clusters, fragrant, repeats (repeat bloom is excellent): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "No disease problems. One of the best fragrant pink climbing roses available fir growing where a small climber is desired. It is found in many gardens in the UK and Europe." (Olds, 1998) Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1975, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Mountain Music Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ---- x ----, ---' x ---', rose-pink blended yellow, slightly cupped, double, 30 - 35 petals, blooms ---" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Mrs. Anthony Waterer John Waterer & Sons, United Kingdom, 1898, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa' x 'General Jacqueminot', 4' x 5', deep rich crimson cupped double blooms with 20 petals that open flat --" in diameter, lovely fragrance, repeats: early summer heavy with slight autumn display, hardy to zone 3, ARS --. "It confounds me why this rose is not more popular." (Osborne, 1991) Does not set hips.

Mrs. John Laing Henry Bennett, United Kingdom, 1887, Hybrid Perpetual, 'Francois Michelon' x seedling, 4' x 5', silvery lilac-pink, cabbage shaped, very double, 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate pleasing fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 5, ARS --. Quite rainfast because of thick petals. Stems are nearly thornless. "healthy plant with vigorous growth habit and is able to grow in poor soils. It is free from mildew." "'Francois Michelon' is a seedling of the famous 'La Reine', one of the first Hybrid Perpetuals from Jean Laffay, who created the class." "John Laing was a London horticulturalist who died in 1901" (Olds, 1998) One of the best Hybrid Perpetuals. Henry Bennett was an English cattle-breeder. Harkness rates as '**'.

Music Maker Buck, USA, 1973, Shrub, ---- x ----, 2-3' x --', light pink, ---, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (repeatedly): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Natasha Maria Fleming, Canada, 1994, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 2.5' x --', orange red, yellow base, semi-double, 12 - 15 petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Shiny leaf. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Nearly Wild Brownell, USA, 1941, Floribunda, 'Dr. W. Van Fleet' x 'Leuchtstern', 3' x 5', rose pink single flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 15 - 25, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, heavy, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Vigorous, hardy plant,that is very floriferous. 'New Dawn' is a sport from 'Dr. W. Van Fleet'. Good bedding rose. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Neon Lights ----, ----, ----, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 2' x 2', hot pink, blooms 4-4.5" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, soft fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. JAcout P. P. 8692

Nevada Pedro Dot, Spain, 1927, Hybrid Moyesii, reported to be 'La Giralda' x hyb of 'Rosa moyesii', 8' x 8', white single flowers 4" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.2. It's name comes from the Spanish word meaning "snow clad". The rose was not named for our state but for the color of the blooms that cover the bush in the spring. The name for our state was similarly applied from the snow-capped Sierra Nevada Mountains on the western edge of the state. Our Nevada was admitted to the Union on October 31, 1864, as the 36th state.

New Dawn Dreer, USA, 1930, Climber, Sport of 'Dr W Van Fleet', 10' x 8', light pink flowers fading to flesh-toned white, bright yellow stamens, double 3 - 3.5" in diameter, sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (tender beyond zone 5B - use a S or E wall), ARS 8.5. "The foliage is glossy, dark green and disease resistant." Also makes a nice shrub. "It was discovered in a Connecticut nursery owned by Henry Dreer and holds the first plant patent ever issued in the USA. After almost 67 years in existence, it was elected to the Wold Rose Hall of Fame in 1997 by the members of the World Federation of Rose Societies at their Triennial Convention in Benelux." (Olds, 1998) "A sport, 'Awakening', discovered in Czechoslovakia in the 1930's and reintroduced by Peter Beales of England in 1992, has twice as many petals and quartered blooms." (Weaver, 1998) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993, World Federation of Rose Societies World's Favorite Rose 1997 (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Nitida Defender ----, ----, 1971, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', pink blooms, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. Shiny foliage; good for embankments & coverage." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Noble Anthony David Austin, England, 1995, English Shrub, ('Lilian Austin' x 'The Squire') x (Hybrid Tea 'Fragrant Cloud' x 'Glastonbury'), 2.5' x 3', deep magenta-crimson, domed, full petalled, ---" in diameter, rich fragrance '*', repeats (freely through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Blackspot can be a problem. Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Nozomi Onodera, Japan, 1968, Climbing Miniature, Groundcover, 'Fairy Princess' (1955 variety) x 'Sweet Fairy', 1.5' x 6', pale pink that lighten to pearly pink, single, ---" in diameter (small), light fragrance, repeats (profuse cover of 'baby apple blooms' for most of the summer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. "The blooms are produced on the previous years wood, so only light pruning is recommended. 'Nozomi' means hope and was the name of the raiser's niece who died aged four." (Olds, 1998) "Takes several years to get going, but worth it." (Brace, 1999) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Nyveldt's White Nyveldt, The Netherlands, 1955, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Rosa rugosa rumbra' x 'R. cinnamomea') x 'R. nitida', 7' x 7', pure white with golden yellow stamens, single, ---" in diameter (larger), very sweet, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Tremendous crop of orange-red hips. "Similar to R. rugosa alba, but with slightly wider petals and more days of recurrent bloom. Responds better to pruning in a hedge." (Brace, 1999)

Odense City ----, ----, ----, Shrub, ----, 3' x 3', creamy yellow color white with yellow stamens, semi-double, 2" in diameter, large sprays, fragrant, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Odense is a Danish city known as the marzipan capital of the world." (Brace, 1999) Blooms are like Seagull or Trier. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

OEillet Panachee, also 'Striped Moss', Charles Verdier , France, 1888, Moss, Parentage unknown, 5' x 4', pale pink and striped with vivid crimson, double, cupped, tightly packed blooms with 45 - 65 petals 1.75" in diameter, very fragrant, once in June, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. 'Panachee' means 'striped'. Not very vigorous. Suitable for growing in a container. Resembles a mossy Gallica. (Olds, 1998) Subject to blackspot.

Oh La La Tantau, Germany, 1956, Floribunda, ---- x ----, --' x --', dark red, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Mildew resistant. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Orange Triumph Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1937, Floribunda, 'Eva' x 'Solarium', 4 - 5' x --', deep orange-red, with --- stamens, double, --- petaled flowers, --" in diameter, in clusters of 25 - 50 or more, no scent, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Weather resistent. "One of the easiest of all roses to grow." "Bearing masses of bright little flowers all season." (Macoboy, 1993) It has many progeny. Its sister seedling is 'Eutin'. Royal National Rose Society Gold Medal 1937. No known source - but would be nice to locate.

Oranges 'n' Lemons Sam McGredy, New Zealand, 1992, Hybrid Tea/Shrub, 'Roller Coaster' x 'New Year', 6-10' x --', orange and yellow stripes, fully double, 24 - 40 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 6, fruity fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Tall arching canes. Weather resistent. British Rose Breeder's Award 1993

Othello David Austin, England, 1986, English Shrub, ('Lilian Austin' x 'The Squire'), 5' x 5', deep dusky crimson, with crimson to cerise to mauve in center, cupped, stiff upright stems, very double, 50-plus petals, 5 - 6" in diameter, rich fruity fragrance '***', repeats (admirable capacity for repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Disease resistant and winter hardy. Susceptible to mildew. Abundance of thorns. Austin's Overall Assessment '*' (Austin, 1993) Dropped from Austin's 1996 book update. "Named for Shakespeare's Moor." (Olds, 1998)

Paloma Blanca Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ---- x ----, 3' x --', ivory white high pointed buds, cupped, double, --" in diameter, --- fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 , ARS ---. Grandiflora type

Parkdirektor Riggers Kordes, Germany, 1957, Kordesii shrub, 'Rosa kordesii' x 'Our Princess', 6.5' x 9', dark red with small center of yellow stamens, semi-double blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters of 2 - 5, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. If grown on a wall may suffer mildew and black spot. Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1960. Source of plant not known.

Paul's Scarlet Climber Paul, UK, 1915, Climber, seedling of 'Paul's Carmine Pillar', perhaps crossed with 'Reve d'Or, 12-15' x --', medium red, cupped, double, 24 - 30 petals, blooms 3-3.5" in diameter, forms large clusters of -- - --, light honey scent, once: prolific blooming in summer, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Winter Hardy, moderately thorny canes and dark green semi-glossy leaves. Susceptible to mildew. In 1932, Kallay, USA, introduced the repeat flowering climber 'Blaze' whose parents were 'Paul's Scarlet Climber' x 'Gruss an Teplitz'. National Rose Society Gold Medal 1915, Bagatelle Gold Medal 1918

Paulii Paul, UK, Pre-1903, Groundcover, believed to be 'Rosa arvensis' x 'Rosa rugosa', 2' x 10', white with yellow stamens, single, 5 petals, blooms ---" in diameter (medium), forms clusters of -- - --, clove scented, once: in July for 3 weeks, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Winter Hardy. Many vicious prickles. Foliage is light green and wrinkled.

Peach Blossom David Austin, England, 1990, English Shrub, 'The Prioress' x 'Mary Rose', 4' x 3', blush pink with a yellow base, cupped, semi-double, -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter (medium), forms clusters of -- - --, fragrant '**', repeats (very free flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Produces a nice crop of hips.

Pearlie Mae Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ----, --' x --', apricot blend, cupped, double, 30 - 35 petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Penelope Pemberton, UK, 1924, Hybrid Musk, 'Ophelia' x seedling or possibly 'William Allen Richardson' or 'Trier', 6' x 6', delicate light pink fading to white with age, with golden yellow centers, semi-double, 18 - 24 petals, blooms 3" in diameter (medium), forms large clusters of -- - --, sweet fragrance, repeats (summer and into autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Deadhead first crop of flowers and allow second crop to form hips. Hips turn coral pink. National Rose Society Gold Medal 1925, Royal Horticultural Society of Garden Merit 1993 Harkness rates '**' Not to be confused with a Tea Rose by Williams, Australia, 1906

Pernille Poulsen Poulsen, Denmark, 1965, Floribunda, 'Ma Perkins' x 'Columbine', --' x --', excellent soft pink, double, 18 petals, --" in diameter (fairly large for a Cluster-flowered Rose), produced in large trusses of --, pleasant refreshing scent, repeats (after a free-flowering early flush a good succession of flowers is maintained through summer and autumn): ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The name is that of the raiser's eldest daughter, herself now actively engaged with her husband, Mogens Olesen, in hybridizing roses." (Olds, 1998)

Pierette Pavement Uhl, Germany, 1987, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', dark pink, semi-double, -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Hardy

Pink Grootendorst Grootendorst, The Netherlands, 1923, Hybrid Rugosa, sport of 'F. J. Grootendorst', 4' x 5.5', rose pink, with ---- stamens, with serrated petals, fully double, perhaps 35 - 45 petals, flowers 1" in diameter, in clusters of 15 - 25, very little to no fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. Name pronounced "Grote-en-dorst". Shrub lacks charm. Shade Tolerant. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Pink Pavement Baum, Germany, 1991, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', medium pink with salmon undertones, semi-double, -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---.

Pink Parfait Swim, USA, 1960, Grandiflora, 'First Love' x 'Pinocchio', --' x --', combination of pink shades, double, --" in diameter (medium - large), light sweet scent, repeats (continuous bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Pink Robusta Kordes, Germany, 1986, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Zitronenfalter' x 'Clare Grammerstorf') x 'Robusta', 5' x 4', rose pink, semi-double, -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, pleasing fragrance, repeats (flowers over a long period): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "In a public park or in a hedge or a group in a garden border this is a noticeable rose giving excellent value, as it flowers over a long period through summer and autumn, has a pleasing scent and makes a sturdy vigorous growth to average height." (Olds, 1998) Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1987 There may also be a Pink Robusta that is a color sport of Robusta. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Pipe Dreams Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ----, --' x --', crimson-carmen red, cupped, double, 25 - 30 petals, blooms, ---" in diameter (large), forms clusters of 5 - 10, strong clove fragrance, repeats (continuous): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Polareis Meilland, France, 1994, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 2' x 2', pink brushed white, semi-double, -- - -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of - , ----, repeats (thrice): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. First 'nodding' Rugosa. Not to be confused with a Climber with the same name bread by Horvath, USA in 1939.

Polka Meilland, France, 1992, Large-Flowered Climber, 'Golden Showers' x 'Lichtkonigin Lucia', 10-12' x --', coppery-salmon, fading to salmon-pink, on stiff stems, double, -- - -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter (medium - large), singly or in small clusters, slight scent, repeats (thrice): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "'Polka' is ideal for pillars, wall or fences where a shorter than average climber is required." (Olds, 1998)

Polonaise ----, ----, ----, Shrub, ----, 1' x 1', red fades double, -- - -- petals, blooms ---" in diameter, forms clusters of --, slight fragrance, repeats (continuous): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 - 6 (hardy), ARS ---. Dies to ground, but rebounds. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Clogger Buck, USA, 1984, Shrub, ----, --' x --', red single, -- petals, ---" in diameter (medium), forms clusters of --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Dawn Agricultural Canada at Morden, Canada, 1959, Shrub, 'Prairie Youth' x ('Ross Rambler' x ['Dr. W. Van Fleet' x 'Rosa pimpinellifolia altaica']), 8' x 10', luminous pink double blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Upright habit. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Fire Phillips, USA, 1960, Shrub, 'Red Rocket' x 'Rosa arkansas', 4-5' x --', flat cardinal red blooms with white eyes and yellow stamens, semi double, 7 petals, --" in diameter, forms clusters of from 30 to 50 blooms, light fragrance, repeats: heavy, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Upright habit. Developed at the University of Minnesota.

Prairie Flower Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1975, Shrub, ('Rose of Tralee' x 'Queen Elizabeth') x ('Morning Stars' x 'Suzanne'), 3.5' x 3.5', cardinal red with white centers nearly single (7 petals) 3" in diameter, old rose fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Bushy leathery dark green foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Harvest Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1985, Shrub, 'Carefree Beauty' x 'Sunsprite', 4.5' x --', light yellow, double, 43 petals, 4" in diameter, singly or in clusters up to 5, fragrant, repeats (continuous bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. It is an upright bushy grower that is disease resistant and has leathery, glossy foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Joy Collicutt, ----, 1990, Shrub, ----, --' x --', medium to light pink, double, up to 40 petals, 3" in diameter, forms clusters of --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Excellent dense foliate; good screen or hedge rose; disease resistant." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Lass Buck, USA, 1978, Shrub, ----, --' x --', pink blende, darker reverse, double, -- petals, 3.5-4" in diameter, forms clusters of --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Princess Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1972, Shrub, 'Carrousel' x ('Morning Stars' x 'Suzanne'), 5' x 4', light coral pink semi-double flowers 4" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, light fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4 or 5, ARS 8.4. Much used in the Canadian breeding program. One of the parents of 'Carefree Beauty'. "Figures in the breeding of Meilland's 'Carefree Wonder'" (Weaver, 1998). (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Star Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1975, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', yellow tinted orient-pink, cupped, double, 45 - 60 petals, flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 10, apple fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Prairie Youth ----, ----, ----, Shrub, ---- x ----, 6' x 8', medium pink, semi-double flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 10, light fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. No known source

Pristine Pavement Baum, Germany, 1990, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 2.5' x 2.5', white blooms, yellow stamens, semi-double, -- petals, flowers --" in diameter (large), in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (very recurrent): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Pint-sized Mme George Bruant." "Light green foliage." (Brace, 1999)

Queen Bee Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', velvety dark cardinal red, high centered buds, cupped, double, 30 - 40 petals, flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 8, Old Rose Damask fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Not as profuse bloomer as some of the Buck roses, the tall bush is healthy and very winter hardy." "After his retirement, Dr. Buck recommended that others use 'Queen Bee' in their hybridizing'" (Schneider, 1995)

Queen Nefertiti David Austin, England, 1988, English Shrub, 'Lilian Austin' x 'Tamora', 2.5' x 3', soft yellow tinged with pink, with muddled brown edges, rosette shape, fully double, -- petals, --" in diameter, fragrance '**', repeats (free-flowering): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Tough and reliable. Austin's Overall Assessment '*' (Austin, 1993) Dropped from Austin's 1996 book update.

Red Coat David Austin, England, 1973, Floribunda, 'Parade' x unnamed seedling, 4.5' x 4.5', red blend single - semi-double flowers with golden yellow stamens 4.5" in diameter in clusters of 2 - 5, little fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Upright strong growing bushy plant.

Red Fairy ----, ----, 1992, Polyantha, sport of 'The Fairy', 2.5' x 4', red double blooms 1.5" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Blooms similar to parent, except color. Foliage slightly larger than 'The Fairy'.

Red Fru Dagmar Hastrup ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 4', red that fades to cerise in two days, single flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, sweet fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 2 - 4, ARS ---. See Fru Dagmar Hastrup.

Red Max Graf Kordes, Germany, 1980, Ground Cover, Parentage cousin to Max Graf, 1' x 8', red, single flowers 2.5" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, once: 3 - 4 weeks in July, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Glossier, less rugose leaves. Very hardy, ground hugging." (Brace, 1999)

Red Meidiland Meilland, France, 1989, Shrub, 'Sea Foam' x ('Picasso' x 'Eyepaint'), 1.5 - 2' x 4 - 5', red with a white eye, single flowers --" in diameter, in clusters of 7 - 15, little fragrance, repeats (quick repeating, bourne in large numbers): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The disease resistant, medium sized foliage is glossy, deep green and there are small, globular hips in autumn." (Olds, 1998) No pruning necessary (Clements, 2000) � - check out the rest of the Meidiland Landscape roses, Pg. 63 in Clements.

Red Pixie Kordes, Germany, 1984, Floribunda, ---- x ----, --' x --' (compact), blood-red, holds form well, double, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced in clusters of --, ---- , repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Redoute David Austin, England, 1992, English Shrub, Sport of 'Mary Rose', 4-6' x 4', soft pink in color, cupped, very double, 40-plus petals, flowers 4 - 4.5" in diameter, fragrant '*', repeats (starts early and finishes late with remarkable continuity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (one of Austin's hardiest) --, ARS --. Differs from 'Mary Rose' only in color. "Pierre-Joseph Redoubt (1759 - 1840) was the most famous of all rose painters. His watercolors included 170 varieties from the collection of roses in the Empress Josephine's garden at Malmaison." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Reine des Violettes Millet-Mallet, France, 1860, Hybrid Perpetual (looks like a Bourbon), seedling of 'Pius IX', 4' x 4', purple flowers fading to violet, fully double with 75 quilted and quartered petals, with a button eye, 3" in diameter, marvelous heady fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS 7.3. Translates to 'Queen of the Violets'. Foliage smooth green and almost thornless. One of the most sought after old roses. Easy to grow even in poor soils. In wet weather flowers may refuse to open. 'Pius IX' is no longer available.

Reine Victoria Labruyere, France, 1872, Bourbon, Parentage unknown, 6' x 3', rich pink with a tint of mauve, cupped, very double with 40 petals, --" in diameter, strongly fragrant, repeats (profuse spring flush, spasmodic afterward): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS --. Prone to blackspot. "In the autumn the flowers are produced on very long stems. The growth is strong and upright with plentiful, close-jointed, matt pale green foliage." "Rose was named for Queen Victoria." (Olds, 1998)

Rheinaupark Kordes, Germany, 1983, Shrub, ('Gruss an Bayern' x seedling) x Seedling of 'Rosa rugosa', 4' x --', vivid, medium red, semi-double, 20 petals,, --" in diameter (large), produced in clusters of --, slightly scented, repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. "Wrinkled foliage and thorny stems on an upright, bushy, vigorous plant." "Requires little maintenance." (Olds, 1998) "Like 'Robusta' but with fuller blooms." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Roberta Bondar Fleming, Canada, 1993, Climbing, Rambler, Pillar, ----, 9' x 3', bright yellow, very double with -- petals, --" in diameter, modestly fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS --.

Robusta Wilhelm Kordes, Germany, 1979, Hybrid Rugosa, seedling x 'Rosa rugosa', 5' x 5.5', crimson with yellow stamens single, with 5 petals, blooms 3.5" in diameter, forms clusters of 5 - 10, none - moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1980, Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1980. Not to be confused with another 'Robusta', a Bourbon rose, Soupert et Notting, Luxembourg, 1877. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Rokoko Kordes (?), ----, ----, Shrub, ----, 3' x 3', white blushed with apricot, semi-double, with -- petals, blooms --" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Ravishing beauty." "I would see this sharing a garden wedding nook with Sally Holmes." (Brace, 1999)

Rosa blanda 'Hudson's Bay Rose', 'Labrador Rose', Native to Canada and northern United States; cultivated since 1773, 5' x 4', pink flowers single, 2 - 2.5" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once blooming early. Hardy to zone 3. 'blanda' is Latin for 'charming', 'gentle' or 'alluring'. Noted "for its hardiness, thornlessness and very early flowering. Foliage is mid-green." "The English gardener-botanist William Aiton (one of the designers of the Kew Gardens) named this species". (Macoboy, 1993).

Rosa californica 'California Wild Rose', Native from California to British Columbia; cultivated circa 1878, 10' x --', lilac pink with yellow stamens single flowers, 1" in diameter, little - moderate fragrance, once blooming over a fairly long period from early summer, some repeat in autumn. Hardy to zone 3. 'plena' is the semi-double variety.

Rosa foetida 'Austrian Briar', 'Persian Yellow', Native to Middle East and Afghanistan (despite name it is not Austrian); cultivated prior to 1596, 5' x 3', yellow single flowers (var. 'lutea'), 2" in diameter, unpleasant fragrance which gives the rose its name, once blooming in early June for 3 -4 weeks. Hardy to zone 3 - 4. Upright shrub. "'R. foetida bicolor' (syn. 'Austrian Copper') is a popular sport of this species and is similar in all respects except for color, which is bright orange-red. It was introduced in 1596. 'R. foetida persiana' is a double yellow form that appeared in 1835. All of these roses are very prone to blackspot, which is partly responsible for the proneness of many Modern Roses to this disease; it was 'R. f. persiana' that was used as a pollen parent by French breeder Pernet-Ducher in the late nineteenth century to breed the first yellow and orange colored Large-flowered Rose called 'Soleil d' Or' That was a significant event, which sadly had its downside, because black spot is an inherent affliction of many of its progeny even to this day." (Olds, 1998). Harkness rates with a no star rating. All varieties of this rose are common in Elko. 'R. f. bicolor' commonly sports back to 'R. foetida'. "Flowers arise from the old wood, so drastic spring pruning will severely limit your blooms" (Osborne,1991). "Reluctant to bear seed, and most of its pollen is infertile." (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa glauca 'R. rubrifolia', 'R. ferruginea', 'Red-leafed Rose', Native to "central Europe, roughly from the Pyrenees to Austria, mainly in hill country (Harkness, 1978), cultivated prior to 1820, 6 x 5, lilac pink with creamy yellow stamens, single flowers, 1" in diameter, no scent, once blooming in early summer, Hardy to zone 4. Reddish purple, thornless shoots, broadly oval, heavily serrated, grayish purple leaves. Flowers "quickly becomes sepals and stamens, as the petals blow away faster than apple blossom." Great clusters of small hips decorate the bushes in the autumn. Seeds need to be stratified for over a year, turning every two - three months (Harkness, 1978).

Rosa nitida 'The Shining Rose', Native to eastern Canada and northeastern United States; cultivated since 1807, 2' x --', brilliant pink flowers with white eye and yellow stamens, single, 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once blooming in early summer. Hardy to zone 4. Low growing, spreading, suckering shrub. Tolerates poor soils and partial shade. 'Nitida' means shining - name comes from narrow leaflets turning a brilliant scarlet in the fall. Will endure poor drainage. Bright red hips. 'Corylus' (R. nitida x R. Rugosa) similar but taller and more intense autumn coloring (Olds, 1998).

Rosa palustris, also named 'R. hudsoniana scandens', 'The Swamp Rose', Native to eastern North America; cultivated prior to 1824, 4-6' x --', vivid pink semi-double flowers, 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once blooming in mid - late spring. Hardy to zone 4. Arching, almost weeping shrub. Nearly thornless, tolerates wet soils. Exceptional disease and pest resistance. Narrow willow-like leaves. 'Palustris' is Latin for 'swamp loving'.

Rosa paulii Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, UK, 1903, --' x --', Ground Cover, considered a hybrid between 'R. arvensis and 'R. rugosa', white with yellow stamens, single flowers, --" in diameter, exceptional fragrance, once blooming in mid - late spring. Hardy to zone 2 - 3. "An extraordinary plant, extraordinarily unpleasant in my opinion, which grows outward upon the ground, and builds up higher at the center, something like a thicket of brambles. Those who plant it for ground cover receive what they asked for, and will ever after enter its premises with difficulty, for its thorns are fearsome." (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa pendulina 'Alpine Rose', Native to south and center of the European continent, cultivated since 1789, 6' x 6', mauve pink with prominent creamy yellow single flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 1 - 5, no fragrance, once blooming late spring and early summer. Hardy to zone 2. Few thorns. Hips are handsome slim and flask-shaped and bright orange-red. "It is one of the species which looks as if it should be useful to breeders, without actually proving so." (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa pomifera 'Apple Rose', Native to Europe (but not Britain) and western Asia, including Scandinavia, 8 x 6, clear pink, single, flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 1 - 3, slightly fragrant, once in mid-summer. Hardy to zone 2. "Hips are very bristly, globular to oval medium sized and deep red in color when fully ripe." (Beals, 1998) 'Rosa pomifera duplex', also 'Wooley-Dod's Rose' medium pink semi-double, more free flowering (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Rosa primula 'Incense Rose', Native to Turkestan to Northern China, cultivated in 1910, 10' x 10', yellowish white single flowers 2" in diameter, ---- fragrance, once in very early spring. Hardy to zone 2-4. The strongest scent (incense) from the foliage of any rose. Fern-like, flexible stems are covered with many red prickles. (Beals, 1998)

Rosa rugosa (alba, rubra, alba-plena, kamtchatica) Native to China and Japan, cultivated prior to 1854, 4' x 6', bright deep mauve-pink in color ('alba' is white with 3.5" flowers, 'rubra' is reddish purple, 'kamtchatica' is medium pink and 3" in diameter) with yellow stamens, single ('alba plena' is a double form) yellowish white single flowers 2.5" in diameter, very fragrant ('kamtchatica' is less fragrant), repeats: heavy, slight, slight. Hardy to zone 2. Spreads by suckering. Hips are large and bright red - ornamental. "'R. rugosa kamtchatica', introduced in 1770 is probably the result of a chance cross with 'R. rugosa' and another species. It is less course than 'R. rugosa' with greenish wood and fewer prickles, and its foliage is less wrinkly and brighter green." (Olds, 1998) 'R. rugosa' is one of the hardiest of all roses. 'R. rugosa' translates as "rose with wrinkled leaves". Canes are extremely prickly. "If chlorosis is a problem - as it is in the Milwaukee area with some established plants - a light sprinkling of manganese sulfate on the soil surface will usually correct it." (Browne, 1995) I have found that these Rugosas do not like chemicals on their leaves - it defoliates them.

Rosa sericea pteracantha 'Wingthorn Rose', Native to western China; cultivated in western gardens since 1890, 6' x 4', white flowers with golden stamens, four petals, 1.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, once fleeting early summer bloom. Hardy to zone 5. Vase-shaped bush. "spectacular thorns, which may measure an inch across the base and which are scarlet-colored and translucent on young canes." (Christopher, 1998). Ferny foliage. tolerates poor dry soils. Prune heavy to encourage new growth.

Rosa salictorum Native to Idaho and Nevada, it is pink, something like R. woodsii. (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa setigera 'Prairie Rose', Native to eastern North America; cultivated since 1810, 4-5' x 12', pink flowers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, rich fragrance, one long season blooming early to late summer. Hardy to zone 4. Sprawling shrub. "Reddish canes, colorful hips, scarlet autumn foliage." (Christopher, 1998). Tolerates poor dry soils. Looks best as a large shrub.

Rosa spinosissima 'Scotch Rose', Native to Europe and western Asia; cultivated before 1600, 3-4' x ---', cream or white flowers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, late-spring to early summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. Sprawling shrub. Suckers freely. Hips are distinctive, small and maroon-black. Tolerates poor sandy soils. Native to Scotland where it grows wild. Parent of "Fruhlingsgold".

Rosa virginiana 'Virginia Rose', northeastern North America; cultivated prior to 1807, 6' x ---', bright cerise-pink flowers with pale centers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, light fragrance, late spring to early summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. Dense suckering shrub, few thorns, good autumn color, large red hips.

Rosa wichuraiana 'Memorial Rose', Native to Japan, eastern China, Korea and Taiwan; introduced to North America in 1891, 10-20' x ---', white flowers with yellow stamens, single, 1.5 - 2" in diameter, pronounced fragrance, mid to late summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. As a groundcover for gravesites it received the name memorial rose. Good tree climber. Small dark red hips. Some offspring are 'Dorothy Perkins', 'Alberic Barbier', Leontine Gervais', New Dawn', and 'Albertine'.

Rosa woodsii fendleri 'Sierra Nevada Rose', Native to British Columbia southward to western Texas and Mexico; first cultivated in 1888, 3-10' x 3-10', lilac pink with cream colored stamens, single, 1.5" in diameter, moderate fragrance, summer blooming. Hardy to zone 4. Tolerates, drought, poor soil and some shade. Round shiny orange-red hips. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Rosa Mundi, also Rosa gallica versicolor, , ----, ----, First mentioned 1581, Gallica, Sport of 'Apothecary's Rose', 3' x 4', medium - deep pink striped with blush or white, prominent golden stamens, cupped, semi-double, with 18 - 24 petaled blooms, 3-3.5" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, intense fragrance, once: mid-summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS 9.0. Few prickles, dark green foliage, disease resistant. Hips produce abundant seeds. Suckers readily. "Sometime a few flowers will revert to the solid light-crimson color of 'Apothecary's Rose'." (Weaver, 1998) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993, Harkness rates as '**'.

Rosanna Kordes, Germany, 1983, Climbing, seedling of Coral Dawn, 8' x 4', light coral pink gently washed with darker pink, urn shaped, Hybrid Tea-Type blooms, -- petals, --" in diameter, strong fruity wild rose fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (very hardy), ARS --. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Rosarium Uetersen Reimer Kordes, Germany, 1977, Climbing, Pillar, "Karlsruhe' x seedling, 10' x 4', deep rose pink, loosely quartered, very double, with 142 petals, 3+" in diameter (medium - large), singly or in great clusters, light sweet fragrance, repeats (prolific first flush, intermittently in late summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4B (very hardy), ARS --. Pronounced "Ettersen". (Brace, 1999) Withstands bad weather well. "Grows well on wall, fence, pillar or arch." (Olds, 1998) "Named for a rose garden which he [Reimer Kordes] is associated. (Macoboy, 1993) Macoboy, 1993, has parentage as 'R. kordesii' x 'Karlsruhe'.

Rose a Parfum de l' Hay Gravereaux, France, 1901, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Summer Damask' x 'General Jacqueminot') x 'Rosa rugosa', 5' x 5', cherry carmine red that turn blue in heat, ---- stamens, double, 3" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, rich fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very prone to mildew. Foliage is not rugose. Not to be confused with 'Roseraie de l' Hay'.

Rose De Meaux, also 'Pompom Rose' ----, ----, records of cultivation from 1789, Centifolia, Parentage unknown, 2' x 3', pink very double flowers 1.25" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, once: in June, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "In the dark ages, the Irish saint Fiacre settled in Meaux [France] and cultivated a garden. He became the patron saint of gardeners and the Abbey at Meaux held his relics." (Olds, 1998) Good for small spaces and pots. Does not do well in poor soils.

Rose De Rescht, also 'Rose De Resht', From Rasht (Iran) to Europe via Nancy Lindsay, UK, 1940, Damask, Parentage unknown, 3' x 2.5', Fuchsia-red with hints of purple, ---- stamens, on short stems, fully double, 1.5 - 2.5" in diameter, in tight clusters of -- - --, intense Old Rose scent, repeats (three flushes of blooms - freely produced from mid-summer to autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.9. "The foliage is profuse, dark grayish green rounded and durable. This is an outstanding rose which is quite easy to grow." (Olds, 1998) "Old bushes need severe discipline at pruning time or they get lazy." (Macoboy, 1993) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Rose Marie Viaud Igoult, France,1924, Rambler, Climber, seedling of 'Veilchenblau', 13' x --', very violet, ---- stamens, double, --" in diameter (small), in clusters of -- (large), ----, once: long July blooming, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---. Very prone to mildew. Almost thornless. Growing 'Rose Marie Viaud' and 'Veilchenblau' together is a good idea, since this rose does not start to bloom until 'Veilchenblau' is nearly finished. (Macoboy, 1993) "A strange dark purple, which reflects little light, and summons one nearer to see what manner of thing this is." (Harkness, 1978)

Roselina Kordes, Germany, 1992, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 2.5' x 5', mid-pink, with white centers and yellow stamens, single, -- petals, --" in diameter (medium), in small clusters, ----, repeats (June - October): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (very hardy), ARS --. "Very tough and healthy and with typical rugose, or wrinkled, foliage." (Olds, 1998) Belfast Crystal Prize 1995

Rosenfest ----, Germany, 1981, Shrub, Climber, Parentage unknown, 8' x 4', salmon pink, single, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. "The habit is a lot like Dortmund, but goes to zone 4." (Brace, 1999)

Roseraie de l' Hay Introduced by Cochet-Cochet, France, 1901, Hybrid Rugosa, said to be a seedling or sport of Rosa rugosa rumbra, 6' x 5', intense crimson-purple with cream stamens rugosa type flowers 5" in diameter, rich fragrance of cloves and honey, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit, 1993. Originated at the rose garden whose name it bears. Hips are more abundant if you are generous with water in hot weather. "From M. Jules Gravereaux, the Frenchman who did so much to make the Parisian rose gardens at l'Hay and Bagatelle" (Harkness, 1978).

Rosenstadt Zweibrucken Kordes, Sparrieshoop Germany, 1989, Kordesii Shrub, Parentage unknown, 3' x 3', deep bright pink with a yellow base with nearly single petals, flowers ---" in diameter with brilliant red stamens, in clusters, little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, with some die back, ARS ---.

Rosy Carpet Interplant, The Netherlands, 1984, Groundcover, 'Yesterday' x seedling, 2.5' x 7', deep rosy pink, golden stamens, single, 5 petals, flowers 1-2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats (blooms heavily in June and September): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4A, ARS ---. Hardy, disease resistant. "Many small thorns on canes with dark green, glossy leaves." (Schneider,1995)

Rosy Wings Mekdeci, ----, 1988, Shrub, ---- x ----, 4' x 4', red blending to pink with a cream base, wavy petals, semi-double, --" in diameter, ----, repeats (repeater): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Disease resistant (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Rotes Meer, also 'Purple Pavement', Baum, Germany, 1983, Hybrid Rugosa, seedling of 'White Hedge', 3' x 3', deep violet-crimson flowers with golden stamens double flowers 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Red hips in the fall.

Royal Blush Sievers, Germany, 1988, Alba Hybrid, Parentage unknown - cross between an Alba and a rose of the Rosa Kordesii line, 6' x 6', pale to flesh pink, quartered, very full, --" in diameter, outstanding fragrance, once: for six weeks during summer, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "A strong, vigorous, healthy, winter hardy upright the arching bush." (Clements, 2000)

Royal Bonica Meilland, France, 1994, Shrub, sport of 'Bonica', 3' x 4-5', deep shade of rose pink, less tendency to fade, more petals and larger than 'Bonica', double, --" in diameter, slight fragrance, repeats (always in bloom): ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Grows vigorously, and has a mid-green, semi-glossy foliage." (Olds, 1998)

Rugelda Kordes, Germany, 1992, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 5' x 4', yellow with a bit of red edging, double, 25 petals, --" in diameter (medium), little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Glossy Kordes-type foliage' (Brace, 1999)

Rugosa Magnifica, also 'Magnifica', Van Fleet, USA, 1905, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 6', reddish lavender flowers, with golden stamens, double flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Large Orange-red hips in the fall.

Rural Rhythm Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ----, --' x --', pink blended white, shallow cupped, double, 25 - 35 petals, --" in diameter (large), in clusters of 1 - 5, myrrh fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Leathery foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

St. Alben's Gem ----, ----, ----, Shrub, ----, --' x --', mauve, very double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

St. Cecilia David Austin, England, 1987, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x seedling, 3' x 2.5', pale buff apricot turning almost white, cupped, weak stems ("the stems are slightly arching so that the flowers bend forward to reach out to you in a most pleasing manner") double flowers --" in diameter (medium), singly or in clusters of 3 - 12, powerful myrrh fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, to zone (a bit tender but survives in 5B) --, ARS ---. A little prone to rust and mildew. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

Salita Kordes, Germany, 1987, Climber, Parentage unknown, 8' x 3', light - flaming orange-red, double, -- petals, --" in diameter (medium), slight fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Glossy Kordes-type foliage'

Sally Holmes Holmes, UK, 1976, Hybrid Musk, Shrub/Climber (in warmer zones), 'Ivory Fashion' x 'Ballerina', 5' x 4', creamy white flowers blushed with pink and gold, with golden stamens, , single, with 5 petals,, 3-3.5" in diameter (large), borne in large clusters, lovely slight fragrance, repeats (reliable and rapid repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.9. Extremely popular. "Raised by an amateur hybridist called Holmes." (Macoboy, 1993) Royal National Rose Society Trial Ground Certificate 1975, Belfast Certificate of Merit 1979, Baden-Baden Gold Medal 1980, Glasglow Fragrance Award 1993, Portland Gold Medal 1993 Highly recommended. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Santana Tantau, Germany, 1985, Climber, Parentage unknown, 9' x 3', rich red blooms, semi-double, 20 petals, --" in diameter (medium - large), no fragrance, repeats (steady supply of blooms): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (impervious to winter) 5, ARS ---. Lush glossy foliage.

Sarah Van Fleet Walter Van Fleet, USA, 1926, Hybrid Rugosa, Reported to be 'Rosa rugosa' x Hybrid Tea 'My Maryland', 4' x 4', clear pink with creamy stamens semi-double flowers, 3" in diameter produced in small clusters, fragrant, good repeat until autumn, hardy to zone 2 - 4, ARS ---. Wrinkled dull green foliage, prone to mildew and rust in the autumn. Does not set hips. Large sharp thorns.

Scabrosa, also 'Superba', Introduced by Harkness, United Kingdom, 1950, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, under 6' x --', mauve-pink single flowers that contain 5 petals, --" in diameter produced in small clusters, fragrance like a carnation, most remondant of the rugosas - always in bloom, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS ---. Wrinkled light green foliage. Autumn large round red hips. Large sharp thorns. Discovered by Harkness probably prior to 1939. Virtually immune to disease. Roots well from softwood cuttings taken early in the season. Name means rough to the touch. Harness gives it a "*****" rating, his highest. (Harkness, 1978).

Scarlet Meidiland Meilland, France, 1987, Meidiland Shrub, 'MEItiraca' x 'Clair Matin', 3' x 6' tall ground cover, light cherry red (carmine-pink underside) semi-double, 20-petalled flowers 1.5" in diameter produced in large clusters, no fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Frankfurt Gold Medal 1989. Tolerates light shade.

Scarlet Pearl Mander, ----, 1992, Floribunda, ---- x ----, --' x --' (compact), red with prominent white eye, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ---- , repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Scharlachglut, also 'Scarlet Fire' or 'Scarlet Glow' Kordes, Germany, 1952, Shrub, Hybrid Tea 'Poinsettia' x Gallica 'Alika', 8' x 8' as a shrub, 10 - 12' as a climber, large scarlet-crimson with golden stamens, single ---" in diameter produced in clusters, little fragrance, one long blooming in mid-summer, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. Large orange-red round hips. Needs plenty of room as a shrub because it surrounds itself with long arching shoots. "A fair question would be whether the flowers are sufficient rent for the area taken up" (Harkness, 1978). Royal Horticultural Society Award for Garden Merit 1993. "'Alika' is known as R. gallica grandiflora and was brought from Russia in 1906." (Harkness, 1978) Bush looks more like a Modern Shrub than a Gallica rose.

Schneeflocke ----, Germany, 1997, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', smooth white petals, semi-double flowers, --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Not so rugosa-like plant." (Brace, 1999)

Schneekoppe ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', white with a delicate lilac blush, prominent yellow stamens, semi-double flowers, --" in diameter produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (repeats well through season): ----, ----, ----, hardy (hardy) to zone --, ARS ---. "Bushy, hardy, numerous hips. A favorite." (Brace, 1999)

Schneezwerg, also 'Snow Dwarf' Peter Lambert, Germany, 1912, Hybrid Rugosa, Possibly 'Rosa rugosa' x hybrid of a Polyantha or 'R. bracteata', 5' x 5', snow white flowers with golden stamens, semi-double, in small clusters of 3 - 10, 2" in diameter, very fragrant, repeat: summer to autumn, hardy to zone 2 - 3, ARS ---. Weatherproof blooms. Disease resistent rugosa-like foliage. Orange round hips. Name means 'Snow Dwarf'. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Sea Foam Schwartz, USA, 1964, Climber, Rambler, Groundcover, (['White Dawn' x 'Pinocchio'] x ['White Dawn' x 'Pinocchio']) x ('White Dawn' x 'Pinocchio'), 2-3' x 6', white to cream, cupped, double flowers, 2-2.5" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, delicate fragrance, repeats (borne repeatedly): ----, ----, ----, hardy (hardy) to zone --, ARS ---. "Moderately thorny canes with abundant, small, leathery, glossy leaves." Usually used as a groundcover or weeping standard. Looks nice trailing down embankments. "The blooms cannot sustain bad weather conditions and this rose is more suitable for warmer climates with low rainfall. There is another 'Seafoam', bred by William Paul in 1919, which is said to be a seedling of 'Mermaid'." (Olds, 1998) Rome Gold Medal 1963, American Rose Society David Fuerstenberg Prize 1968

Seagull Pritchard, UK, 1907, Multiflora Climber, Rambler, 'Rosa multiflora' x 'General Jacqueminot', 12' x 5', pure white, with golden stamens, semi-double flowers, --" in diameter (small), in clusters of -- - -- (huge trusses), Multiflora fragrance, once (long July season): summer, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Replaced as the most popular white climber by 'Sander's White', descended from 'Rosa wichuraiana'. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

September Song Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 19--, Shrub, -----, --' x --', orange red, double, 25 - 35 petals, in clusters of 5 - 8, --" in diameter, fragrant, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

Serendipity Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1978, Shrub, -----, --' x --', orange blend, shallow cupped, double, -- petals, in clusters of -- - --, --" in diameter, fragrant, repeat (continuous bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Seven Sisters ----, Japan, 1817, Multiflora Climber, Rambler, Parentage unknown, 8' x 4', emerges purple crimson, fading through at least 7 shades to white for a variegated effect, very double, 2" in diameter, in clusters up to 7, fruity scent, once: long July season, hardy to zone 4 - 5 with protection - sensitive to cold, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Sevilliana Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1976, Shrub, ('Vera Dalton' x 'Dornroschen') x (['World's Fair' x 'Floradora'] x 'Applejack'), 4' x --', claret-rose, with a yellow base, red freckles on petals, slightly cupped, semi-double, 15-20 petals, --" in diameter, in large solid trusses, fragrant, repeat (constant bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (hardy), ARS ---. "Masses of bright red hips." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Sharifa Asma David Austin, England, 1989, English Shrub, 'Mary Rose' x an early English Rose 'Admired Miranda', 3' x 2', soft pink in color with a tough of gold at the petal base, outside petals are more pale, shallow cupped, very double, 50 - 100 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, delicious myrrh fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. The petals are delicate and can quickly dehydrate under hot sunny conditions. "It was named for a member of the Omani royal family." (Olds, 1998) Austin's overall Assessment '****'

Showy Pavement Baum, Germany, 1990, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 2' x 3', pink, --" in diameter (large for its size) produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (repeats well): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---.

Simon Fraser Ogilvie, Canada, 1992, Shrub, ('Bonanza' x ['Arthur Bell' x ('Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne')]) x ('Single Kordesii' x ['Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne'] x 'Champlain'), 2' x 2', clear pink petals, single or semi-double flowers (6 - 14 petals, depending on the weather), --" in diameter produced in small clusters of -- - --, slightly fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Canadian Explorer Series "The foliage is dark green and semi-glossy on an upright plant with some prickles that is extremely winter hardy." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Sir Edward Elgar David Austin, England, 1992, English Shrub, 'Mary Rose' x 'The Squire', 3.5' x 2', crimson-cerise, cupped, double, 40 - 50 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance '*', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. This variety is named in honor of the great English composer, Sir Edward Elger (1857 - 1934)." (Austin, 1996) Austin's overall Assessment '***'

Sir Thomas Lipton Van Fleet, USA, 1900, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa alba' x Polyantha 'Clotilde Soupert', 5' x 6', pure white flowers with ----- stamens, cupped, double, in clusters of 10 - 15, 3" in diameter, very fragrant, repeat: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. Disease resistent rugosa-like foliage.

Sleeping Beauty, also 'Dornroschen', Kordes, Germany, 1960, Shrub, 'Pikes Peak' x 'Ballet', one of the grandparents is 'R. acicularis', 4-5' x --', hot raspberry-pink, with yellow reverse, high centered, fully double, in clusters of -- - --, --" in diameter, very fragrant, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. An attractive bush with glossy, dark green foliage.

Smarty Ilsink, The Netherlands, 1979, Groundcover, 'Yesterday' x seedling, 2.5' x 5', pink, near single, 7 - 10 petals, --" in diameter (small), in medium-sized clusters of ----, modest fragrance, repeat (is fast and there is no need to remove spent blooms to promote the next bloom cycle): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Low growing, wide-spreading, hardy and vigorous bush that is easy to grow; it makes an ideal groundcover. There are many small prickles." (Olds, 1998)

Smooth Lady Davidson, USA, 1986, Hybrid Tea, 'Smooth Sailing' x (['Polly' x 'Peace'] x 'Circus'), 5-6' x 4', pink, double, 21 - 40 petals, --" in diameter (medium), fragrant, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 (Hardy to -40 - -30), ARS ---. Thornless stems, mid-green leaves

Smooth Velvet Davidson, USA, 1986, Hybrid Tea, 'Smooth Sailing' x (['Polly' x 'Peace'] x ''Red Devil'), 7' x 4', dark red, cup-shaped, double, 42 petals, --" in diameter (large), light Damask fragrance, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5 (Hardy to -40 - -30), ARS ---. Thornless stems, light-green leaves. Have had trouble with balling.

Snowdon Austin, UK, 1989, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, but Noisette x Rugosa Alba, 7' x 7', creamy white double, in clusters of -- - --, 2" in diameter, ----, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "I prefer this over Sir Thomas Lipton for a large white type." (Brace, 1999)

Soleil D' Or Pernet-Ducher, France, 1900, first in the class of Pernetianas now incorporated into the Large-flowered Roses - Hybrid Tea, (Seedling of 'Antoine Ducher' x 'Rosa foetida' persiana) x Large flowered Rose, --' x --', orange-yellow to tawny gold-shaded red flowers with --- stamens, double, cupped and flattish flowers, --" in diameter, exceptional fragrance, repeats, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. "Flowers may be pretty, but the bush is weak and the glossy, rich green foliage is rather addicted to blackspot." (Macoboy, 1993) "Pernet-Ducher reported that he began to breed with 'Persian Yellow' in 1883, and after making hundred of crosses, the first seeds he germinated were a few from 'Antoine Ducher' x 'R. foetida persiana' in 1888. 'Antoine Ducher' was a red Hybrid Perpetual raised by his father-in-law and predecessor, and introduced in 1866; there's a sentimental little family story if one cared to weave it." "Most modern roses flower a second time, or even more often in the season. We carelessly say 'perpetual' and the French more accurately 'remontant'. When you cross two such roses and sow the resultant seeds, the little seedlings immediately produce a flowering shoot, and bear their first flowers when they are only about three months old. But it is different if you cross two roses of which one is a sort that only flowers once in the year. In that case all the seedlings take after the summer flowering parent, whether it was the mother or father, and they bear no flowers at all in their first year. The exceptions to that rule are few. Pernet-Ducher may not have had exact knowledge of this, although I imagine he had a good idea of it, for he must have had a working knowledge of the behavior of summer flowering roses. It meant that his seedlings of 'Antoine Ducher' would initially be a disappointment, for they would bear no blooms in their first year. He planted the seedlings outdoors, and noticed in 1891 that one of them had semi-double flowers, pink and yellow. It appeared that these plants remained in situ until 1893, when a extraordinary stroke of luck crowned his work, almost as if nature had resolved to give him the yellow rose he had asked for so intelligently. A friend, Ernest Viviand-Morel, caused Joseph to show him this seeding with 'Persian Yellow' blood in it. When they arrived at it, they found close by a little seedling with small, double flowers, orange-yellow and red. No rosarian midwife attended the birth of this seedling, whose origin rests upon the deduction that one of the 'Antoine Ducher' x 'Rosa foetida persiana' hybrids had set seed, which fell and germinated. It was promptly cared for, and was first shown in Lyon in 1898 as 'Soleil d' Or'. Although it was not pure yellow, its color was sufficient to make it a sensation. As one who is used to the ways of nurseries, I have often thought how easy it would have been for some scrupulous worker to hoe that border clean of everything bar what had been planted in it, 'Soleil d' Or' and all." (Harkness, 1978)

Sommerwind, also 'Surry', Kordes, Germany, 1988, Polyantha, 'The Fairy' x seedling, 2.5' x 4', pink blooms with yellow stamens, frilled edges, semi-double,, in great clusters of -- - --, --" in diameter, ----, repeat (smothers itself): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Dark-leafed, lovely. Used with very pleasing results when planted in large drifts in front of taller growing varieties." (Olds, 1998)

Sparrieshoop Kordes, Germany, 1953, Shrub, ('Baby Chateau' x 'Else Poulsen') x 'Magnifica' (Sweet Briar), 5' x 4', clear pink, wavy petals, bright yellow stamens, almost single, 5 - 7 petals, 4" in diameter, in big sprays of -- - --, sweetly perfumed, repeat (covers itself all season long): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5B, ARS 8.0. "Named for the village where Kordes' have their now famous nursery." (Olds, 1998) Portland Gold Medal 1971 (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Spirit of Canada Fleming, Canada, 1995, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', scarlet , nearly single, 10 petals, --" in diameter, in clusters up to 8, ----, repeat (reblooming till frost): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS --. Similar but more hardy than 'Morgenrot'. (Brace, 1999)

Stanwell Perpetual Lee, UK, 1838, Scots, Possibly a repeat-flowering Damask x Scots, 4' x 4', pale blush pink, flat and quilled, quartered, very double, 45 - 55 petals, 3-3.5" in diameter, blooms appear singly on very short stems, strong fragrance, repeat (flowers repeatedly): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS 8.0. Graceful, arching, thorny, foliage small ferny, stems are very prickly. "Old wood should be cut from the base each season to stimulate growth." (Olds, 1998) "To repeat the plant must be well established in the garden." (Schneider, 1995) "Apparently arose as a chance seedling in the garden of a man called Lee, who lived in Stanwell, Middlesex." "Leave the bush to build itself up unpruned, to about chest high." (Macoboy, 1993)

Suaveolens, also 'Alba Suaveolens', Parentage unknown, Pre-1750, Alba, 6' x 10', white, semi-double, in clusters of 2-5, 3.5" in diameter, wonderfully strong sweet fragrance, once in spring, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS: ---. "Graham Thomas and Peter Beales claim this is the same rose as 'Alba Semi-plena', while historians Roy Shepard and Gerry Kruger, who has the largest collection of Albas in the USA, say there is a difference. Photographs rarely help in these disputes. Kruger states that the inner petals do not have the anthers found in 'Alba semi-plena'; Trevor Griffiths concurs." (Olds, 1998) "In the heart of the Balkan mountains of Bulgaria is a steep valley bordering the Tundza River, which eventually spills into the Black Sea. This exotic valley is noteworthy in the history of rose growing, for this is Kazanlik, where the most famous "attar of roses" is made. In early summer the green valley transforms into a pastel carpet as the millions of roses needed to create this famous perfume come into bloom. The aromatic petals are collected and carefully distilled into a substance so highly prized that it was once available only to the nobility of the world. Very few roses contain enough natural fragrance to make the suitable for the Kazanlik essences. One of these is Kazanlik, a Damask rose named after the town of its origin. Another important variety is the alba rose 'Suaveolens". (Osborne, 1991) 'Alba Semi-Plena' is another of the roses used in the production of "attar of roses" at Kazanlik, Bulgaria. (Clements, 1999)

Summer Wind Buck, USA, 1975, Shrub, ----, --' x --', orange-pink, semi-double, 4" in diameter, produced in clusters 5 - 10, spicy fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Summerwind, 'Surrey', 'Sommerwind', Kordes, Germany, 1988, Polyantha, ----, 2.5' x 4', soft pink blooms, ----, --" in diameter, produced in clusters -- - --, slightly fragrant, repeats (blossoms literally cover this wide spreading variety through the spring, summer and fall. Continual blooming): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. (Clements, 2000)

Sunbonnet Sue Buck, USA, 1984, Shrub, ----, --' x --', yellow with stiples of scarlet, double, --" in diameter, produced in clusters -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Super Dorothy Hertzel, Germany, 1986, Wichuraiana Climber/Rambler, 'Dorothy Perkins' x unidentified repeat-flowering rose, 12 - 15' x --', powder-puff-pink, double flowers --" in diameter (small), produced in clouds that cover bush, moderately fragrant, repeats (blooms heavily through summer and fall): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "It looks wonderful on pillars, tripods and arbors." "Much more disease resistant than 'Dorothy Perkins'." (Olds,1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Suzanne Skinner, Canada, 1949, Hybrid Spinosissima, -----, 5.5' x 7', light pink blooms with ---- stamens, very double flowers 1" in diameter, produced in clusters 2 - 5, slightly fragrant, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. No source located.

Swany Meilland, France, 1978, Groundcover, 'Rosa sempervirons' x 'Mile Marthe Carron', 1.5' x 6', pure white, cupped, very double, 95 petals, --"in diameter (pompons), produced in clusters that can cover the entire bush, no fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Was probably a forerunner of the shrub 'Bonica' from the same breeder. It makes an ideal ground cover, even on a steep bank where the canes can tumble downwards. It derives its spreading habit from the species seed parent." (Olds, 1998)

Sweet Juliet David Austin, England, 1989, English Shrub, 'Graham Thomas' x 'Admired Miranda', 4' x 3', pure apricot fading to white, with button eye, cupped, fully double, over 40 petalled flowers 3-3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 3 - 7, strong Tea Rose fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 3-5, remarkably disease-resistant. "Produces a thicket of canes in the autumn. It is a great pity that many of these late growths do not flower, since the spring flush is most prolific." (Olds, 1999) Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Tamora David Austin, England, 1983, English Shrub, 'Chaucer' x Rugosa 'Conrad Ferdinand Meyer', 2.5' x 2', apricot yellow shallow cupped fully double, over 40-petalled flowers ---" in diameter, strong myrrh fragrance '***', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 3-5, remarkably disease-resistant. Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Tausendschion Kiese/J. C. Schmidt, Germany, 1906, Multiflora Climber/Rambler, 'Daniel Lacombe' x 'Weiser Herumstreicher', 8-12' tall, deep rose pink with white centers fading to blush white, very double flowers 1.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, once blooming for three weeks in early summer, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Name means 'thousand beauties'. Heavy flowering. Nearly thornless. Good choice for pillar or arch in high traffic areas. Can be used as a ground cover. "In 1914 it gave rise to a sport, 'Echo' ('Baby Tausendschon'), a small repeat flowering bush classed as a Polyantha. In its turn, 'Echo' produced a series of more brightly colored sports, culminating in the orange 'Margo Koster'" (Macoboy, 1993). "Its ancestry includes the red Hybrid Perpetual 'General Jacqueminot' and 'Paquerette'" (Olds, 1998).

The Alexandra Rose David Austin, England, 1992, English Shrub, ('Shropshire Lass' x 'Shropshire Lass') x 'Heritage' related to Alba roses, 4.5' x 4', coppery pink with a pale yellow center, airy stamens, single, 5 petalled flowers, ---" in diameter (small-medium), in large clusters, slight fragrance '*', repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (extremely hardy) --, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 1, 3 or more, "Named for the Alexandera Rose Day charity which raises money in Britain for various voluntary organizations." (Austin, 1996) Disease-resistant. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

The Fairy Bentall, UK, 1932, Polyantha, 'Paul Crampel' x 'Lady Gay' (a cross between a Polyantha and Wichuraiana hybrid), 2.5' x 4', light rose pink, rosette-shaped, fully double, 24 - 30 petalled flowers 1-1.5" in diameter, in clusters, no fragrance, repeats begins late then absolute profusion): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Abundant leaves that are light to medium green and glossy. "Few roses are easier to grow." disease proof" (Macoboy, 1999).

The Pilgrim David Austin, England, 1991, English Shrub, 'Graham Thomas' x 'Yellow Button', 3.5' x 3', pale yellow rosette shaped, very double, a multitude of small petals, ---" in diameter (quite large), in clusters, strong stems, pleasing fragrance '**', repeats (continues through summer to autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 3 or more, "The rose is no chance seedling. I had always felt that a cross between 'Graham Thomas' and 'Yellow Button' would produce a rose that had both beauty and vigor. Unfortunately, however, it was a difficult cross to make, as 'Yellow Button' produces very little pollen and no seed. Only by taking pollen from hundreds of flowers could we obtain enough for breeding. Initial results failed to realize the potential of such a match but eventually a rose appeared that fulfilled my highest hopes. A rose as good as 'The Pilgrim' is an all too rare reminder that the many years of work are well worth it in the end." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

The Prince David Austin, England, 1990, English Shrub, 'Lilian Austin' x 'The Squire', 2.5' x 3', deepest richest crimson to rich royal purple ages to a crispy black purple, true rosette, very double, ---" in diameter (large), in clusters, strong Old Rose fragrance '***', repeats (well): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (cane hardy through 5), ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 3 or more, "Olds, 1998 writes poorly of this rose, but I have found it to be an excellent growing, very enjoyable, care free rose to grow. Austin's Overall Assessment '****'

The Reeve David Austin, England, 1979, English Shrub, 'Lilian Austin' x 'Chaucer', 3.5' x 4', deep pink, dusky rose pink, intensely dark pink, darkest pink imaginable, true rosette, very double, 58 petals,, ---" in diameter (large), in clusters up to 5, strong Old Rose fragrance '***', repeats (good repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 3 or more, "Growth is gracefully arching, with small sharp thorns. This rose is best planted in a group." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Assessment '*' "It is named for one of the characters in Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales'." (Schneider, 1995)

Therese Bauer Ludwig, USA, 1963, Hybrid Rugosa/Setigera, ('Hansa' x Rosa setigera) x Rosa setigera, 4' x 6', medium pink, semi-double flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters of 5 - 10, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, slight - strong fragrance, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very vigorous upright growth.

Therese Bugnet Bugnet, Canada, 1950, Hybrid Rugosa, (['Rosa acicularis' x 'R. rugosa kamtchatica'] x ['R. amblyotis' x 'R. rugosa plena']) x 'Betty Bland', 6' x 6', reddish-pink, doubly, 36 wavy petals, 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, excellent sweet fragrance, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. This is a vigorous, hardy plant whose complicated breeding line includes some of the wild roses best able to withstand Canadian winters." "The raiser named it for a close member of the family." (Olds, 1998) Nearly thornless. Canes turn deep red with the coming of cold weather. Not known for its hips.

Turbo Meilland, France, 1994, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Frau Dagmar Hastrup' x 'Manou Meilland') x 'Pink Grootendorst', 2.5 - 6' x --', fuchsia pink, semi-double 20+ petals, --" in diameter (medium - large), in clusters of -- - --, repeats (profuse blooming): ----, ----, ----, light fragrance, hardy to zone -- (winter hardy), ARS ---. Romantica Series. Very vigorous and disease resistant. Semi-glossy leaves. Most Outstanding. "Unique lime green foliage tinged with red when young (Brace, 1999).

Turlock High yellow miniature mentioned in article by Bill Buckles, Iowa. (Clements, 2000) No source located.

Tuscany Superb ----, ----, ----, Gallica, Sport of Tuscany, 4' x 3', crimson to dark purple, yellow stamens, double, --" in diameter, ----, once: summer, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "'Tuscany Superb', is preferred by many to the original. The flowers are larger, the scent is sweeter and the foliage more luxuriant." (Macoboy, 1993)

Two Sisters Williams, ----, 1994, Shrub, 'The Fairy' x 'Seven Sisters' 5' x 6', pale pink fading to white, double, 26-40 petals, 2" in diameter (pompons), slightly fragrant, repeats (while never giving a big flush, always seems to have a respectable number): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4-5, ARS ---. "The leaves are small and shiny and the habit can be a bit rangy, inviting some disciplinary pruning." (Brace, 1999) "Spreader to 4'." (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Veilchenblau J. C. Schmidt, Germany, 1909, Multiflora Climber/Rambler, 'Crimson Rambler' x 'Erinnerung an Brod', 10 - 15' tall, purple violet flowers with tufted golden stamens, single or semi-double flowers 1" in diameter, in large clusters, fruity fragrance, once blooming in mid summer, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Not only tolerates some afternoon shade but shows its best colors there." (Christopher, 1998) Good choice climbing in a tree, for pillar or arch. Powdery mildew can be a problem. Grows easily from cuttings. Nearly thornless. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Viking Queen Phillips, U of MN, USA, 1963, Climber, 'White Dawn' x 'L.E. Longley', 12-15' tall, medium to deep pink double, 60 petals, flowers 3-4" in diameter, in clusters, strong fragrance, repeat (mid-season bloom followed by good repeat), hardy to zone (bred for winter hardiness - hardiness not to be expected from the parents) 4, ARS ---. "Not widely grown." (Olds, 1999) Suitable for a wall or large trellis. Disease resistance is fair.

Virginia Reel Buck, USA, 1975, Shrub, ----, --' x --', light red, cupped, double, --" in diameter, produced in clusters -- - --, fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Wandering Wind Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1972, Shrub, -----, --' x --', pink, yellow stamens, semi-double, in clusters, 3+" in diameter, ---- fragrant, repeat (early and late and some in between): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Seems to be similar to 'Applejack', in 1999 my 'Applejack' sported a near double variety very similar to this description - need to watch that branch in 2000 and take a cutting.

Warbler Poulson, Denmark, 1991, Groundcover, -----, 1.5' x 3', medium yellow, double, in clusters, --" in diameter, ---- fragrant, repeat (repeatedly through summer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Similar growth as Essex. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Warm Welcome Warner, UK, 1992, Climbing Miniature, 'Elizabeth of Glamis' (['Galway Bay' x 'Sutter's Gold'] x 'Anna Ford'), --' x --', orange - vermillion with yellow bases, single to semi-double, --" in diameter, in clusters at all levels on the plant - from head to toe, fragrant, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "The foliage is dark green and semi-glossy and adorns this relatively tall, upright plant that should be trained as a climber. It is disease free and reliable, and can be used as a pillar or to brighten up a fence. This rose was a breakthrough in hybridizing because it is a free-blooming, low maintenance climbing miniature with small flowers and foliage." (Olds, 1998) Royal National Rose Society President' International Trophy 1988, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Wasagaming Skinner, Canada, 1939, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Rosa Rugosa' x 'Rosa acicularis') x Bourbon 'Gruss an Teplitz', 5' x 5', clear rose pink, double, --" in diameter, fragrant, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Pronounced 'wah SAH Gah ming'.

Waxwing Poulson, Denmark, 1989, Groundcover, ----, 1.5' x 3', pink, high centered blooms, --" in diameter, -----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Like a miniature 'English Miss'.

Wenlock David Austin, England, 1984, English Shrub, 'The Knight' x 'Glastonbury', 4' x 3', medium-dark crimson-red, rosette, short stems, very double, ---" in diameter (large), in clusters, strong Old Rose fragrance '***', repeats (well - constant bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 2-3. "Vigorous growing, upright, bushy plant with dark green foliage." (Clements, 2000) Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Westerland Kordes, Germany, 1969, Shrub/Floribunda, 'Friedrich Worlein' x 'Circus', 5-6' x --', bright apricot-orange, ruffled, not high-centered double, 20 petals, flowers 3" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, very fragrant, repeats (long mid-season bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Foliage is upright, vigorous well branched. Moderately thorny. Leaves dark green and semi-glossy. Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1974, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

White Dawn Longley, USA, 1949, Rambler, Pillar, Climber, 'New Dawn' x ;'Lily Pons', --' x --', white double, 35 petals, flowers --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, fragrant, once: early in the season, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

White Dorothy Perkins, also 'White Dorothy, Cant, UK, 1908, Rambler, Pillar, Climber, Groundcover, Sport of 'Dorothy Perkins', 15' x --', pure white double, 20 petals, flowers 3" in diameter, produced in clusters (cascading blooms) of -- - --, some fragrance, once: 3 weeks in July, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Subject to mildew. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

White Max Graf Kordes, Germany, 1983, Groundcover, Rambler, 2' x 16', -----, white blooms, semi-double flowers 1.5" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ---, once: 25 days in July, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---.

White Meidiland Meilland, France, 1986, Shrub, Groundcover, 2' x 6', 'Temple Bells' x 'MEIgurami', white blooms, very double, 40 petals, flowers 4" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ---, repeat: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "It is largely disease free and for that reason is ideally suited for roadways and gardens that receive little care." "It has a spreading growth habit and is clothed with medium-sized, glossy dark green foliage." (Olds, 1998) "Plant 4 1/2' apart." (Clements, 2000)

White Pavement Uhl, ----, 1991, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', white, semi-double, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, repeats: ----, ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Pint-sized 'Blanc Double de Coubert' look-a-like with red hips at season's end. Handsome dark green rugose foliage." (Brace, 1999)

Windflower David Austin, England, 1994, English Shrub, 'Shropshire Lass' seedling x 'N/C1', 3' x 4', soft pink, slightly cupped, double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance '**', repeats (through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. "They are daintily formed with scalloped petals that incurve at the tips, which give the kind of charming, rather frail effect commonly associated with anemones (meaning 'windflowers' in Greek)." (Olds, 1998) "Closely related to the Alba Roses." "Wiry stems." (Austin, 1996) Austin's overall Assessment

Wild Ginger Buck, USA, 1997, Grandiflora, ---- x ----, 3' x --', orange blende, ----, --" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Disease Resistant. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Wildenfelsgelb ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Spinosissima, -----, 6' x 7', light yellow single flowers 4" in diameter, does not form clusters, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, moderate fragrance, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. No source known.

Wilfeuer, also 'Wildfire', Kordes, Germany, 1953, Shrub, -----, --' x --' (tall), brilliant light red. semi-double, in clusters, --", in diameter, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Hard to find nowadays but it is still most attractive and worth growing." (Olds, 1998) Not to be confused with a floribunda with the same name by Swim, USA, 1955. Willowy form. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Will Alderman Skinner, Canada, 1949, Hybrid Rugosa, ('R. rugosa' x R. 'acicularis') x Hybrid Tea, 4' x 4', medium lilac-pink, with golden stamens, double flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, very fragrant, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Canes turn deep red in winter.

Will Scarlet Hilling, UK, 1948, Hybrid Musk, Sport of 'Skyrocket' or 'Wilhelm', 4' x 4', bright red, with visible stamens, semi-double, 24 - 30 petals, flowers 2.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, slightly fragrant, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS ---. Best suited to cool climates. Attractive hips.

William Baffin Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1983, Kordesii Shrub, 'Rosa kordesii' x seedling, 5-8' as a shrub 8-12' as a climber, strawberry pink with a touch of white toward the center, with golden stamens, semi-double, 20 petals, flowers 3" in diameter, in clusters of 15 - 30, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, little to no fragrance, hardy to zone 2-3, ARS 8.9. Probably my favorite rose bush for Elko. Disease free. Easily trained as a climber. "This is a tough and hardy rose suitable for those colder areas where most roses cannot thrive." Canadian Explorer Series - "The name commemorates the famous explorer who sought the Northwest Passage." (Olds, 1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

William Booth L'Assomption, Canada, 1999, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', light red, single, --" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. New Explorer Rose. (Vanderkruk, 2000)

William Lobb, also 'Old Velvet Moss', M. Laffay, France, 1855, 'Rose centifolia muscosa' Hybrid, Parentage unknown, 5' x 6', purplish mauve fading to dove-gray with lavender-pink reverse, near base each petal is flecked with white, golden yellow stamens, very double flowers 2 1/4" in diameter, strong fragrance, once in June - mid-summer in great profusion, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. "Deservedly one of the most popular Moss roses." "Its long, firm stems, covered in grayish brown moss, have many stout thorns and are overlaid with dark gray-green, medium sized and course well-serrated foliage. Buds have a lot of soft, mid- to dark green moss." (Beals, 1998). Best trained to a pillar. "Appropriately, it honors one of the great Victorian gardeners, who was responsible for seeking and introducing all kinds of plants, not just roses, to English gardens." (Macoboy, 1993) Be sure to give the plant room for arching canes or support. Fairly easy to root from softwood cuttings.

Winchester Cathedral David Austin, England, 1988, English Shrub, Sport from 'Mary Rose', 4' x 4', white, with slight tinge of yellow at the center later in the season, rosette, short stems, double, ---" in diameter (large), in clusters, fragrance '*', repeat : ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Recommended Grouping 1-3. Identical in every way to 'Mary Rose' except color. Often sports back. "It was named on behalf of the Winchester Cathedral Trust, in aid of the restoration of the Cathedral." (Austin, 1996) Austin's Overall Assessment '***'

Windrush David Austin, England, 1984, English Shrub, seedling x ('Canterbury' x 'Golden Wings'), 5' x 3', lemon-yellow, with golden stamens, single to semi-double, ---" in diameter (large), in clusters, fragrant, repeat (one of the earliest to bloom in the spring): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Not listed in Austin's books. Similar to 'Golden Wings'. "Must be deadheaded regularly to achieve a continuous bloom, but if this process is relaxed near the start of autumn the plant will produce an abundant crop of rosehips. It is a strong plant with good disease resistance." (Olds, 1998)

Winnipeg Parks Collicut, Canada, 1990, Shrub, ('Prairie Princess' x 'Cuthbert Grant') x (seedling x 'Morden Cardinette'), 3' x 3', deep pink almost red, yellow stamens, cupped, semi-double, 20-22 petals, flowers 3" in diameter, singly or in small clusters, slight fragrance, repeat (well): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Well covered with matt mid-green leaves, which have a reddish tinge when young." (Olds,1998) (Vanderkruk, 2000)

Winter Sunset Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, ----, Shrub, -----, 3' x --', amber yellow with orange base double flowers --" in diameter, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Glossy foliage.

Yellow Fru Dagmar, also 'Topaz Jewel', Moore, USA, 1987, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Golden Angel' x 'Belle Poitevine', --' x --', primrose-yellow, creamy gold stamens, loosely cupped, semi-double, 24 petals, --" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Does not look like a Rugosa and does not produce typical Rugosa hips. Some flowers lost in foliage.

Yellow Fleurette Interplant, ----, 1992, Shrub, -----, 2' x 4', yellow, single flowers 2.5" in diameter, modestly fragrant, repeat (vigorously): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---.

Yesterday Harkness, UK, 1974, Polyantha, ('Phyllis Bide' x 'Shepherd's Delight') x 'Ballerina', 3' x --', mid- to violet pink, yellow stamens, semi-double, 1.5" in diameter, very sweet fragrance, repeats (continual in sprays): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Tolerant of shade. Royal National Rose Society Certificate of Merit 1972, Monza Gold Medal 1974, Baden-Baden Gold Medal 1976, Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1978, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.

Zephirine Drouhin Bizot, France, 1868, Bourbon, Parentage unknown, 8-12' x --', medium pink, semi-double, perhaps 20 - 24 petals, 3.5 - 4" in diameter, very fragrant, repeats (good all-season bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. Tolerant of shade. Canes very smooth, almost thornless. Leaves medium green, semi-glossy." (Schneider, 1995) Mildew and blackspot are a problem - better to grow on a fence than a wall. "It is the only recorded creation of the French raiser Bizot." (Macoboy, 1993) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993

Zwerg ----, ----, ----, Hybrid Rugosa, ----, 3' x 3', deep pink, semi-double, --" in diameter, ----, repeats (all summer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Low growing. Dense foliage.

References

A large percentage of the above information has been obtained from the following resources. I really recommend these books or pamphlets for your own personal library. They are all wonderful sources of information.

Austin, David, 1993 & 1996, David Austin's English Roses, Little,

Brown and Company, London.

Olds, Margaret, et al, 1998, Botanica's Roses, The Encyclopedia of Roses, Welcome Rain Publishers.

Brace, Lloyd, 1999, The Roseraie at Bayfields, Practical Roses

for Hard Places, Woldoboro Maine.

Browne, Jim, et al, 1995, Rose Gardening, Pantheon Books, Knoph

Publishing, New York.

Christopher, Tom, 1999, Easy Roses for North American Gardens,

Reader's Digest Association, Inc..

Clements, John and Louise, 1999, Heirloom Old Garden Roses, St.

Paul, Oregon.

Macoboy, Stirling, 1993, The Ultimate Rose Book, Harry Abrams,

New York

Harkness, Jack, 1978, Roses, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London.

Hawthorne, Linden, 1996, Roses, D. K. Publishing, New York.

Osborne, Robert, et al, 1991, Hardy Roses, Garden Way Publishing.

Schneider, Peter, Editor, 1995, Taylor's Guide to Roses, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.

Schneider, Peter, 1995, on Roses, Macmillan,New York.

Vanderkruk, Bill, 2000, Hortico, Waterdown, Ontario, Canada.

Weaver, Mary C., 1998, Roses a growing guide for easy, colorful

gardens, Macmillan, USA

Zusek, Kathy, et al, 1995, Roses for the North, Minnesota

Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Minnesota,

Report 237-1995.