Queen Elizabeth

R. foetida bicolor  Elko County Library	R. foetida bicolor	R. foetida lutea
R. foetida persiana 6th and Cedar, Elko

Rosa foetida 'Austrian Briar', 'Persian Yellow', Native to Middle East and Afghanistan (despite name it is not Austrian); cultivated prior to 1596, 5' x 3', yellow single flowers (var. 'lutea'), 2" in diameter, unpleasant fragrance which gives the rose its name, once blooming in early June for 3 -4 weeks. Hardy to zone 3 - 4. Upright shrub. "'R. foetida bicolor' (syn. 'Austrian Copper') is a popular sport of this species and is similar in all respects except for color, which is bright orange-red. It was introduced in 1596. 'R. foetida persiana' is a double yellow form that appeared in 1835. All of these roses are very prone to blackspot, which is partly responsible for the proneness of many Modern Roses to this disease; it was 'R. f. persiana' that was used as a pollen parent by French breeder Pernet-Ducher in the late nineteenth century to breed the first yellow and orange colored Large-flowered Rose called 'Soleil d' Or' That was a significant event, which sadly had its downside, because black spot is an inherent affliction of many of its progeny even to this day." (Olds, 1998). Harkness rates with a no star rating. All varieties of this rose are common in Elko. 'R. f. bicolor' commonly sports back to 'R. foetida'. "Flowers arise from the old wood, so drastic spring pruning will severely limit your blooms" (Osborne,1991). "Reluctant to bear seed, and most of its pollen is infertile." (Harkness, 1978)

   

Rosa glauca 'R. rubrifolia', 'R. ferruginea', 'Red-leafed Rose', Native to "central Europe, roughly from the Pyrenees to Austria, mainly in hill country (Harkness, 1978), cultivated prior to 1820, 6 x 5, lilac pink with creamy yellow stamens, single flowers, 1" in diameter, no scent, once blooming in early summer, Hardy to zone 4. Reddish purple, thornless shoots, broadly oval, heavily serrated, grayish purple leaves. Flowers "quickly becomes sepals and stamens, as the petals blow away faster than apple blossom." Great clusters of small hips decorate the bushes in the autumn. Seeds need to be stratified for over a year, turning every two - three months (Harkness, 1978).

 Rosa nitida 'The Shining Rose', Native to eastern Canada and northeastern United States; cultivated since 1807, 2' x --', brilliant pink flowers with white eye and yellow stamens, single, 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once blooming in early summer. Hardy to zone 4. Low growing, spreading, suckering shrub. Tolerates poor soils and partial shade. 'Nitida' means shining - name comes from narrow leaflets turning a brilliant scarlet in the fall. Will endure poor drainage. Bright red hips. 'Corylus' (R. nitida x R. Rugosa) similar but taller and more intense autumn coloring (Olds, 1998).

Rosa palustris, also named 'R. hudsoniana scandens', 'The Swamp Rose', Native to eastern North America; cultivated prior to 1824, 4-6' x --', vivid pink semi-double flowers, 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, once blooming in mid - late spring. Hardy to zone 4. Arching, almost weeping shrub. Nearly thornless, tolerates wet soils. Exceptional disease and pest resistance. Narrow willow-like leaves. 'Palustris' is Latin for 'swamp loving'.

Rosa paulii Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, UK, 1903, --' x --', Ground Cover, considered a hybrid between 'R. arvensis and 'R. rugosa', white with yellow stamens, single flowers, --" in diameter, exceptional fragrance, once blooming in mid - late spring. Hardy to zone 2 - 3. "An extraordinary plant, extraordinarily unpleasant in my opinion, which grows outward upon the ground, and builds up higher at the center, something like a thicket of brambles. Those who plant it for ground cover receive what they asked for, and will ever after enter its premises with difficulty, for its thorns are fearsome." (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa pendulina 'Alpine Rose', Native to south and center of the European continent, cultivated since 1789, 6' x 6', mauve pink with prominent creamy yellow single flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 1 - 5, no fragrance, once blooming late spring and early summer. Hardy to zone 2. Few thorns. Hips are handsome slim and flask-shaped and bright orange-red. "It is one of the species which looks as if it should be useful to breeders, without actually proving so." (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa pomifera 'Apple Rose', Native to Europe (but not Britain) and western Asia, including Scandinavia, 8 x 6, clear pink, single, flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 1 - 3, slightly fragrant, once in mid-summer. Hardy to zone 2. "Hips are very bristly, globular to oval medium sized and deep red in color when fully ripe." (Olds, 1998) 'Rosa pomifera duplex', also 'Wooley-Dod's Rose' medium pink semi-double, more free flowering (Vanderkruk, 2000) 

Rosa primula 'Incense Rose', Native to Turkestan to Northern China, cultivated in 1910, 10' x 10', yellowish white single flowers 2" in diameter, ---- fragrance, once in very early spring. Hardy to zone 2-4. The strongest scent (incense) from the foliage of any rose. Fern-like, flexible stems are covered with many red prickles. (Beals, 1998)

Rosa rugosa (alba, rubra, alba-plena, kamtchatica) Native to China and Japan, cultivated prior to 1854, 4' x 6', bright deep mauve-pink in color ('alba' is white with 3.5" flowers, 'rubra' is reddish purple, 'kamtchatica' is medium pink and 3" in diameter) with yellow stamens, single ('alba plena' is a double form) yellowish white single flowers 2.5" in diameter, very fragrant ('kamtchatica' is less fragrant), repeats: heavy, slight, slight. Hardy to zone 2. Spreads by suckering. Hips are large and bright red - ornamental. "'R. rugosa kamtchatica', introduced in 1770 is probably the result of a chance cross with 'R. rugosa' and another species. It is less course than 'R. rugosa' with greenish wood and fewer prickles, and its foliage is less wrinkly and brighter green." (Olds, 1998) 'R. rugosa' is one of the hardiest of all roses. 'R. rugosa' translates as "rose with wrinkled leaves". Canes are extremely prickly. "If chlorosis is a problem - as it is in the Milwaukee area with some established plants - a light sprinkling of manganese sulfate on the soil surface will usually correct it." (Browne, 1995) I have found that these Rugosas do not like chemicals on their leaves - it defoliates them.

Rosa sericea pteracantha 'Wingthorn Rose', Native to western China; cultivated in western gardens since 1890, 6' x 4', white flowers with golden stamens, four petals, 1.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, once fleeting early summer bloom. Hardy to zone 5. Vase-shaped bush. "spectacular thorns, which may measure an inch across the base and which are scarlet-colored and translucent on young canes." (Christopher, 1998). Ferny foliage. tolerates poor dry soils. Prune heavy to encourage new growth.

Rosa salictorum Native to Idaho and Nevada, it is pink, something like R. woodsii. (Harkness, 1978)

Rosa setigera 'Prairie Rose', Native to eastern North America; cultivated since 1810, 4-5' x 12', pink flowers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, rich fragrance, one long season blooming early to late summer. Hardy to zone 4. Sprawling shrub. "Reddish canes, colorful hips, scarlet autumn foliage." (Christopher, 1998). Tolerates poor dry soils. Looks best as a large shrub.

Rosa spinosissima  'Scotch Rose', Native to Europe and western Asia; cultivated before 1600, 3-4' x ---', cream or white flowers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, slight fragrance, late-spring to early summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. Sprawling shrub. Suckers freely. Hips are distinctive, small and maroon-black. Tolerates poor sandy soils. Native to Scotland where it grows wild. Parent of "Fruhlingsgold".

Rosa virginiana 'Virginia Rose', northeastern North America; cultivated prior to 1807, 6' x ---', bright cerise-pink flowers with pale centers with golden stamens, single, 2.5" in diameter, light fragrance, late spring to early summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. Dense suckering shrub, few thorns, good autumn color, large red hips.

Rosa wichuraiana 'Memorial Rose', Native to Japan, eastern China, Korea and Taiwan; introduced to North America in 1891, 10-20' x ---', white flowers with yellow stamens, single, 1.5 - 2" in diameter, pronounced fragrance, mid to late summer blooming. Hardy to zone 3. As a groundcover for gravesites it received the name memorial rose. Good tree climber. Small dark red hips. Some offspring are 'Dorothy Perkins', 'Alberic Barbier', Leontine Gervais', New Dawn', and 'Albertine'.

Rosa woodsii fendleri 'Sierra Nevada Rose', Native to British Columbia southward to western Texas and Mexico; first cultivated in 1888, 3-10' x 3-10', lilac pink with cream colored stamens, single, 1.5" in diameter, moderate fragrance, summer blooming. Hardy to zone 4. Tolerates, drought, poor soil and some shade. Round shiny orange-red hips. (Vanderkruk, 2000) 

Rosa Mundi, also Rosa gallica versicolor, , ----, ----, First mentioned 1581, Gallica, Sport of 'Apothecary's Rose', 3' x 4', medium - deep pink striped with blush or white, prominent golden stamens, cupped, semi-double, with 18 - 24 petaled blooms, 3-3.5" in diameter in clusters of -- - --, intense fragrance, once: mid-summer, hardy to zone 4, ARS 9.0. Few prickles, dark green foliage, disease resistant. Hips produce abundant seeds. Suckers readily. "Sometime a few flowers will revert to the solid light-crimson color of 'Apothecary's Rose'." (Weaver, 1998) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993, Harkness rates as '**'. 

Rosanna Kordes, Germany, 1983, Climbing, seedling of Coral Dawn, 8' x 4', light coral pink gently washed with darker pink, urn shaped, Hybrid Tea-Type blooms, -- petals, --" in diameter, strong fruity wild rose fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (very hardy), ARS --. (Vanderkruk, 2000) 

Rosarium Uetersen Reimer Kordes, Germany, 1977, Climbing, Pillar, "Karlsruhe' x seedling, 10' x 4', deep rose pink, loosely quartered, very double, with 142 petals, 3+" in diameter (medium - large), singly or in great clusters, light sweet fragrance, repeats (prolific first flush, intermittently in late summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4B (very hardy), ARS --. Pronounced "Ettersen". (Brace, 1999) Withstands bad weather well. "Grows well on wall, fence, pillar or arch." (Olds, 1998) "Named for a rose garden which he [Reimer Kordes] is associated. (Macoboy, 1993) Macoboy, 1993, has parentage as 'R. kordesii' x 'Karlsruhe'. 

Rose a Parfum de l' Hay Gravereaux, France, 1901, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Summer Damask' x 'General Jacqueminot') x 'Rosa rugosa', 5' x 5', cherry carmine red that turn blue in heat, ---- stamens, double, 3" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, rich fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Very prone to mildew. Foliage is not rugose. Not to be confused with 'Roseraie de l' Hay'.

Rose De Meaux, also 'Pompom Rose' ----, ----, records of cultivation from 1789, Centifolia, Parentage unknown, 2' x 3', pink very double flowers 1.25" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, once: in June, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "In the dark ages, the Irish saint Fiacre settled in Meaux [France] and cultivated a garden. He became the patron saint of gardeners and the Abbey at Meaux held his relics." (Olds, 1998) Good for small spaces and pots. Does not do well in poor soils.

   

Rose De Rescht, also 'Rose De Resht', From Rasht (Iran) to Europe via Nancy Lindsay, UK, 1940, Damask, Parentage unknown, 3' x 2.5', Fuchsia-red with hints of purple, ---- stamens, on short stems, fully double, 1.5 - 2.5" in diameter, in tight clusters of -- - --, intense Old Rose scent, repeats (three flushes of blooms - freely produced from mid-summer to autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.9. "The foliage is profuse, dark grayish green rounded and durable. This is an outstanding rose which is quite easy to grow." (Olds, 1998) "Old bushes need severe discipline at pruning time or they get lazy." (Macoboy, 1993) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993 

Rose Marie Viaud Igoult, France,1924, Rambler, Climber, seedling of 'Veilchenblau', 13' x --', very violet, ---- stamens, double, --" in diameter (small), in clusters of -- (large), ----, once: long July blooming, hardy to zone 5B, ARS ---. Very prone to mildew. Almost thornless. Growing 'Rose Marie Viaud' and 'Veilchenblau' together is a good idea, since this rose does not start to bloom until 'Veilchenblau' is nearly finished. (Macoboy, 1993) "A strange dark purple, which reflects little light, and summons one nearer to see what manner of thing this is." (Harkness, 1978) 

Roselina Kordes, Germany, 1992, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 2.5' x 5', mid-pink, with white centers and yellow stamens, single, -- petals, --" in diameter (medium), in small clusters, ----, repeats (June - October): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (very hardy), ARS --. "Very tough and healthy and with typical rugose, or wrinkled, foliage." (Olds, 1998) Belfast Crystal Prize 1995 

Rosenfest ----, Germany, 1981, Shrub, Climber, Parentage unknown, 8' x 4', salmon pink, single, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS --. "The habit is a lot like Dortmund, but goes to zone 4." (Brace, 1999) 

Roseraie de l' Hay Introduced by Cochet-Cochet, France, 1901, Hybrid Rugosa, said to be a seedling or sport of Rosa rugosa rumbra, 6' x 5', intense crimson-purple with cream stamens rugosa type flowers 5" in diameter, rich fragrance of cloves and honey, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit, 1993. Originated at the rose garden whose name it bears. Hips are more abundant if you are generous with water in hot weather. "From M. Jules Gravereaux, the Frenchman who did so much to make the Parisian rose gardens at l'Hay and Bagatelle" (Harkness, 1978). 

Rosenstadt Zweibrucken Kordes, Sparrieshoop Germany, 1989, Kordesii Shrub, Parentage unknown, 3' x 3', deep bright pink with a yellow base with nearly single petals, flowers ---" in diameter with brilliant red stamens, in clusters, little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, with some die back, ARS ---. 

Rosy Carpet Interplant, The Netherlands, 1984, Groundcover, 'Yesterday' x seedling, 2.5' x 7', deep rosy pink, golden stamens, single, 5 petals, flowers 1-2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats (blooms heavily in June and September): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4A, ARS ---. Hardy, disease resistant. "Many small thorns on canes with dark green, glossy leaves." (Schneider,1995) 

Rosy Wings Mekdeci, ----, 1988, Shrub, ---- x ----, 4' x 4', red blending to pink with a cream base, wavy petals, semi-double, --" in diameter, ----, repeats (repeater): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Disease resistant (Vanderkruk, 2000) 

Rotes Meer, also 'Purple Pavement', Baum, Germany, 1983, Hybrid Rugosa, seedling of 'White Hedge', 3' x 3', deep violet-crimson flowers with golden stamens double flowers 2" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Red hips in the fall.

Royal Blush Sievers, Germany, 1988, Alba Hybrid, Parentage unknown - cross between an Alba and a rose of the Rosa Kordesii line, 6' x 6', pale to flesh pink, quartered, very full, --" in diameter, outstanding fragrance, once: for six weeks during summer, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "A strong, vigorous, healthy, winter hardy upright the arching bush." (Clements, 2000)

Royal Bonica Meilland, France, 1994, Shrub, sport of 'Bonica', 3' x 4-5', deep shade of rose pink, less tendency to fade, more petals and larger than 'Bonica', double, --" in diameter, slight fragrance, repeats (always in bloom): ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Grows vigorously, and has a mid-green, semi-glossy foliage." (Olds, 1998) 

Rugelda Kordes, Germany, 1992, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 5' x 4', yellow with a bit of red edging, double, 25 petals, --" in diameter (medium), little fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS ---. "Glossy Kordes-type foliage' (Brace, 1999) 

Rugosa Magnifica, also 'Magnifica', Van Fleet, USA, 1905, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 6', reddish lavender flowers, with golden stamens, double flowers 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Large Orange-red hips in the fall.

Rural Rhythm Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, ----, --' x --', pink blended white, shallow cupped, double, 25 - 35 petals, --" in diameter (large), in clusters of 1 - 5, myrrh fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Leathery foliage. (Vanderkruk, 2000) 

A large percentage of the above information has been obtained from the following resources.  I really recommend these books or pamphlets for your own personal library.  They are all wonderful sources of information.

Austin, David, 1993 & 1996, David Austin's English Roses, Little,

Brown and Company, London.

Olds, Margaret, et al, 1998, Botanica's Roses, The Encyclopedia of Roses, Welcome Rain Publishers.

Brace, Lloyd, 1999, The Roseraie at Bayfields, Practical Roses

for Hard Places, Woldoboro Maine.

Browne, Jim, et al, 1995, Rose Gardening, Pantheon Books, Knoph

Publishing, New York.

Christopher, Tom, 1999, Easy Roses for North American Gardens,

Reader's Digest Association, Inc..

Clements, John and Louise, 1999, Heirloom Old Garden Roses, St.

Paul, Oregon.

Macoboy, Stirling, 1993, The Ultimate Rose Book, Harry Abrams,

New York

Harkness, Jack, 1978, Roses, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London.

Hawthorne, Linden, 1996, Roses, D. K. Publishing, New York.

Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc., 1998, Buck Roses, Hardy roses developed by Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa State Pamplet.

Osborne, Robert, et al, 1991, Hardy Roses, Garden Way Publishing.

Schneider, Peter, Editor, 1995, Taylor's Guide to Roses, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.

Schneider, Peter, 1995, on Roses, Macmillan,New York.

Vanderkruk, Bill, 2000, Hortico, Waterdown, Ontario, Canada.

Weaver, Mary C., 1998, Roses a growing guide for easy, colorful

gardens, Macmillan, USA

Zusek, Kathy, et al, 1995, Roses for the North, Minnesota

Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Minnesota,

Report 237-1995.

© 2001 - Elko Rose Garden Association