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Winter Hardy Roses
M - N
Varieties
Plant Name (linked to Help Me Find Roses) introduced by, where created, date introduced, rose type, parentage, height x width, flower description, fragrance, bloom cycle: June, July, August/September, hardiness zone, ARS rating. Comments. Awards.
Madame Alfred Carriere Joseph Schwartz, France, 1879, Noisette Climber, Rambler, Parentage unknown, 9' x 3', pale pink white with yellow at the base of the center petals, cupped, globular, full, 35 petals, blooms 2.5 - 3" in diameter, bourne in large clusters, very fragrant, repeats (mid-season bloom with excellent repeat): ----, ----, ------, hardy to zone 6 - 7 (a wall may offer enough protection to enable this beauty to grown in borderline winter conditions) 5B - 6, ARS ---. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993
Madame Hardy M. Eugene Hardy, Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, France, 1832, Damask, Parentage unknown, 5-5.5' x --', white with green button eye, quartered, exquisitely formed, first cupped then opening very flat, very double, perhaps 200 petals, blooms 3 - 3.5" in diameter, solitary and clusters, very fragrant, once: early summer for about 3 weeks, hardy to zone 4, ARS 9.0. Weather can damage the delicate petals. "Upright, vigorous, bushy. Disease free and winter hardy. Canes moderately thorny. Leaves gray-green, rough, abundant." (Schneider, 1995) Named after the breeders wife. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993
Madame Isaac Pereire Garcon, France, 1881, Bourbon, Parentage unknown, 7' short climber (or pillar), deep rose pink with shades of purple, full cupped and sometime quartered blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters, intense fragrance, repeats: heavy, ----, ----, hardy to zone 5, ARS 8.4. Named for the wife of a Parisian banker during the reign on Napoleon III. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993. Should be grown on "a wall facing a neighbor one wishes to annoy." (Harkness,1978).
Madame Scipion Cochet Cochet, France, 1873, Hybrid Perpetual, Parentage unknown, 5' x --', purplish-pink flowers edged in pink, silvery reverse, double blooms 3.5" in diameter,in clusters of 2 - 5, very fragrant, repeats: heavy, slight, none, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Large strong branches are covered with light green foliage." "This rose is hard to find and only two nurseries in the world still offer it." (Olds, 1998)
Maiden's Blush, also 'Cuisse de Nymph', Kew Gardens records, United Kingdom, 1797 - possibly 15th century or earlier, Alba, 'Rosa alba' x 'Rosa centifolia', 6' x 6', blush pink, very double, perhaps 200 petals, globular blooms 2.5 - 3" in diameter, sweetly scented, once: extremely profuse June, hardy to zone 3 - 4, ARS ---. Two forms available 'Great' and 'Small' refers to the bush and flower size. Upright shrub with blue-tinted foliage. Harkness gives it a '**' rating. 'Cuisse de Nymph' in French means 'Nymph's thighs'.
Malaguena Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1976, Shrub, Tickled Pink x Country Music (Shrub, Buck, 1973), --' x --', pale geranium pink are stippled on the inner surface of the petals with dark claret rose, double, shallow-cupped, 25 - 30 petals, blooms 4-4.5" in diameter, borne in clusters of 5 - 10, slight sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (winter-hardy in Iowa without protection), ARS ---. "The abundant, large, leathery foliage is dark green. The thorns are red-brown and awl-like. (ISURF, 1998)
Maigold Kordes, Germany, 1953, Shrub/Climber, 'Poulsen's Pink' x 'Fruhlingstag' or 'McGredy's Wonder' x 'Fruhlingsgold', --' x --', rich orange-bronze, cupped, semi-double, 14 petals, 4" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, very fragrant, once: very early, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. The upright growth is very thorny, and there are next to no flowers after the initial burst. The glossy foliage can be susceptible to blackspot. Heralds the rose season." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Trial Ground Certificate (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Mandarin Kordes, Germany, 1987, Miniature/Polyantha, Parentage unknown, 1' x 3', orange pink classic cupped shape, flatter as they open, double blooms ---" in diameter (little pompons), in clusters of -- - --, --- fragrant, repeats (nearly constant bloom): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. Not to be confused with a Floribunda rose with the same name raised by Boerner, USA, 1951. Very dark green foliage. Glasgow Gold Medal 1994, Dublin Certificate of Merit.
Margo Koster Koster, The Netherlands, 1931, Polyantha, Sport of 'Dick Koster', 1.5' x 1.5', salmon pink, cupped shape, semi-double, 7 - 12 petals, blooms 1.25" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, slight fragrance, repeats (late season bloom with excellent repeat): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "This rose is a sport of 'Dick Koster', which is in turn a sport of 'Annike Koster', which is a sport of 'Greta Kluis', which is a sport of 'Echo, which is a sport of the climbing rose 'Tausendshon'!" (Olds, 1998)
Marguerite Hilling Thomas Hilling, UK, 1959, Hybrid Moyesii, Sport of 'Nevada', 8' x 8', dark pink, paling to white in the center, single flowers 4" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, slight, hardy to zone 4 - 5, ARS --. Enormous quantities of flowers along arching canes. Remove old wood to encourage new growth. Canes red with few thorns. Harkness rates as '****'. Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993.
Maria Stern Brownell, USA, 1969, Hybrid Tea, ---- x ----, --' x --', orange, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter (large), produced in clusters of ---, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Sub-zero rose; good cut flower." (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Marie Bugnet Bugnet, Canada, 1963, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Therese Bugnet' x seedling) x 'FJ Grootendorst', pure white, informally double flowers --" in diameter (small), fragrant, repeats (starts early and repeats late into fall): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS --. "Elongated foliage shows an olive cast. No hips, but reddish canes are attractive in winter." (Brace, 1999)
Marie Victorin L'Assomption, Canada, 1999, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', peach pink, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of -- - --, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. "Hardy. New Explorer Rose." (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Martin Frobisher Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1968, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Schneezwerg' seedling, 5' x 4', short climber or rambler, soft pink, double, with 25 or so petalled blooms 2.5" in diameter, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Very few thorns.
Mary Rose David Austin, England, 1983, English Shrub, 'Wife of Bath' x 'The Miller', 4-6' x 4', strong rose-pink in color, cupped, very double, 40-plus petals, flowers 4 - 4.5" in diameter, fragrant '*', repeats (starts early and finishes late with remarkable continuity): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (one of Austin's hardiest) --, ARS --. Austin's Overall Assessment '****' "This rose was named on behalf of the Mary Rose Trust to mark the dramatic recovery of Henry VIII's flagship of that name after more than 400 years." (Austin, 1996)
Masquerade Boerner, USA, 1949, Floribunda, 'Goldilocks' x 'Holiday', --' x --', light yellow changing to salmon-pink and finally to a muddy red, very strong stems, semi-double, --- petals, --" in diameter (small), produced in huge clusters up to 30, slight fragrance, repeats: (flowers over a very long period): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "The first of the Cluster-flowered Roses that changed to a deeper color as the flowers matured, a feature inherited from the China Roses." "It is strong growing, disease resistant with dark green, very profuse foliage." "If the spent blooms are not removed, a large crop of red round hips is produced, these looking most attractive among the multicolored flowers." (Olds, 1998) National Rose Society Gold Medal 1952
Mavourneen Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, (Tickled Pink x Prairie Princess) x El Catalá, --' x --', bicolored blooms of currant-red an the face and white on the petal reverse, double, open, 20 - 25 petals, blooms 4-4.5" in diameter, borne in clusters of 1 - 10, light sweet scent, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (winter-hardy in Iowa without protection), ARS ---. "The abundant, large, leathery medium glossy foliage is dark green and is tolerant of normal foliar disease. The thorns are tan and awl-like." (ISURF, 1998)
Maytime Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa, 1975, Shrub, 'Elegance' x 'Prairie Princess', 4' x 3', carmine rose with yellow at base, single blooms 4" in diameter. fragrant, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "Plant is densely covered with glossy leathery dark foliage". (Brace, 1999) (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Max Graf James H. Bowditch, Pomfret Center, Connecticut, USA, 1919, Hybrid Rugosa, Probably 'Rosa rugosa' x 'Rosa wichuraiana', 2' x 8', soft rose pink with golden stamens, single blooms 2" in diameter, delightful fragrance, once: spring only for many weeks, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Sets few hips. Long trailing shoots that sometimes self root. Shade tolerant and care free. "Its origin is obscure; according to [Wilhelm] Kordes, it was found in a garden in the United States. From its appearance, being a trailer with leaves suggesting 'R. rugosa', it was assumed to be a hybrid between that species and 'R. wichuraiana'; we may consider it to be the first ground cover rose. And it was soon found to be exceptionally hardy." "If the parentage has been correctly assumed, it is a hybrid between two species whose resistance to blackspot is high, and therefore of potential value to breeders." "'Max Graf' was not at first sight valuable to breeders, because of infertile pollen and few hips. Wilhelm Kordes tried to breed from it despite these disabilities, and he reported that over many years he collected only three or four hips from a large plant. In 1941 he raised two seedlings, one of which resembled 'R. rugosa', and died of frost in its first winter. The other was 'R. kordesii'; it set seed freely, and was very hardy. But there was hidden in its cells a third gift, still greater: it proved compatible with modern roses, having increased its chromosomes from the fourteen of its parents to the twenty-eight of Hybrid Teas and Floribundas. The key was now given to admit modern roses the combined qualities of two of the healthiest wild roses, namely Max Graf's parents, assumed, but with some certainty, to be 'R. rugosa' and 'R. wichuraiana'. 'R. kordesii' breed true from seed, and has therefore been accepted as a species, although I should have thought it more consistent of the authorities to denote it a hybrid species." Some Kordesii hybrids are the Hybrid Teas 'Silver Jubilee', 'Dortmund', Hamburger Phoenix', Leverkusen', Parkdirektor Riggers' and 'Ritter von Barmstede'." (Harkness, 1978) Other breeders who have used 'R. Kordesii' are Ralph Moore, Dr. & Mrs. Brownell and Felicitas Svejda, of Canada who introduced it into the Explorer Series of roses.
Metis Harp, ----, 1967, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', light rose pink, double, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, once: blooms late, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. "Red fall foliage." (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Michael Leek Fleming, Canada, 1994, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 3' x --', bright orange-red, a bit scalloped, single, 5 - 9 petals --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Midas Touch (winter hardy to zone 5)
Mirabella (not winter hardy without protection)
Moje Hammarberg Hammarberg, Sweden, 1931, Hybrid Rugosa, Parentage unknown, 4' x 4', reddish violet - deep pink, yellow stamens, loosely double, -- petals --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Rugose foliage, short stems, large red abundant hips. "Blends with 'Magnifica' & 'Hansa' where similar color but varying height is needed." (Brace, 1999)
Moncton Dr. Felicitas Svejda, Canada, 1977, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Schneezwerg' x 'Rosa chinensis', 4' x 4.5', pale pink double flowers with 20 petals 2" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, very fragrant, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. No source known.
Mont Blanc ----, Germany, 1986, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', clear white blushed with lilac, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Fall Hips.
Monte Cassino ----, Germany, 1985, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', rose-pink, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, good fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Almost a junior Belle Poitevine.
Monte Rosa ----, Germany, 1986, Hybrid Rugosa, ---- x ----, 3.5' x 3.5', pink, semi-double --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone (very hardy) --, ARS ---. Good Hips.
Morden Amorette Marshall, ----, 1988, Shrub, ---- x ----, 4' x 5', medium red, double blooms 3" in diameter in clusters of 5-10. no fragrance, repeats (continual bloom): heavy, slight, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morden Blush Colicutt & Marshall, Canada, 1988, Shrub, ('Prairie Princess' x 'Morden Amorette') x ('Prairie Princess' x ['White Bouquet' x ('Rosa arkansas' x 'Assiniboine')]), 3' x 3', light pink fading to ivory, double, 50 petals, blooms 2-3" in diameter, forms clusters of 1 - 5, ---- fragrance, repeats (floriferous): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 3-4, ARS ---. Canadian Parkland Series. Hybrid tea like blooms. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morden Cardinette Marshall, Canada, 1980, Shrub, ---- x ----, 2.5' x 1', red blend, cupped, double blooms 2.5" in diameter in clusters of 5-10. no fragrance, repeats: moderate, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone ----, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morden Centennial Marshall, Canada, 1980, Shrub, 'Prairie Princess' x ('White Bouquet' x [J. W. Fargo' x 'Assiniboine']), 5.5' x 4.5', medium pink, double, 50 petals, blooms 3.5" in diameter, forms clusters of 5 - 15, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, heavy, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Rose was named for the Canadian Department of Agriculture's breeding station in Morden, Manitoba. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morden Fireglow Colicutt & Marshall, Canada, 1989, Shrub, Seedling x 'Morden Cardinette', 2.5' x 2.5', bright orange-red, red reverse, cupped, double, 28 petals, blooms 2.5" in diameter, forms small clusters, fragrant, repeats (good repeat cycle): ----, ----, ----, cane hardy to zone 4, crown hardy to 3, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morden Ruby Marshall, Canada, 1977, Shrub, 'Fire King' x ('J.W. Fargo' x 'Assiniboine'), 3.5' x 5', deep pink spattered with small dots of crimson, double blooms 3" in diameter, forms clusters of 5 - 10, slight fragrance, repeats: heavy, moderate, moderate, hardy to zone 3, ARS ---. Susceptible to blackspot. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morgenrot Kordes, Germany, 1985, Shrub, ('Marlena' x 'Europeana') x (['Tropicana' x 'Carina'] x [Claire Grammerstorf' x 'Fruhlingsmorgen']), 3' x 3', bright red, white centers, yellow stamens, single, 5 petals, --" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, light fragrance, repeats (showy; repeat bloomer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. "The foliage is small, dark and matt." "Good display of dull red hips." (Olds, 1998) Paris Gold Medal 1983 (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Morning Jewel Cocker, UK, 1968, Climber, 'New Dawn' x 'Red Dandy', 8' x --', intense pink, semi-double, 20 petals, --" in diameter (large), produced singly and in clusters, fragrant, repeats (repeat bloom is excellent): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000) "No disease problems. One of the best fragrant pink climbing roses available fir growing where a small climber is desired. It is found in many gardens in the UK and Europe." (Olds, 1998) Anerkannte Deutsche Rose 1975, Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993
Mountain Music Dr. Griffith Buck, Ames, Iowa, 1984, Shrub, Sevilla x Tom Brown, 3' x ---', rose-pink blended yellow stipled with empire red, open, slightly cupped, double, 20 - 25 petals, blooms 3.5 - 4" in diameter, in clusters of ----, strong fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS --- "The abundant, semi-glossy. leathery foliage is woodpecker green. The thorns are tan and awl-like." (ISURF, 1998).
Mrs. Anthony Waterer John Waterer & Sons, United Kingdom, 1898, Hybrid Rugosa, 'Rosa rugosa' x 'General Jacqueminot', 4' x 5', deep rich crimson cupped double blooms with 20 petals that open flat --" in diameter, lovely fragrance, repeats: early summer heavy with slight autumn display, hardy to zone 3, ARS --. "It confounds me why this rose is not more popular." (Osborne, 1991) Does not set hips.
Mrs. John Laing Henry Bennett, United Kingdom, 1887, Hybrid Perpetual, 'Francois Michelon' x seedling, 4' x 5', silvery lilac-pink, cabbage shaped, very double, 3.5" in diameter, in clusters of 2 - 5, moderate pleasing fragrance, repeats: heavy, slight, slight, hardy to zone 5, ARS --. Quite rainfast because of thick petals. Stems are nearly thornless. "healthy plant with vigorous growth habit and is able to grow in poor soils. It is free from mildew." "'Francois Michelon' is a seedling of the famous 'La Reine', one of the first Hybrid Perpetuals from Jean Laffay, who created the class." "John Laing was a London horticulturalist who died in 1901" (Olds, 1998) One of the best Hybrid Perpetuals. Henry Bennett was an English cattle-breeder. Harkness rates as '**'.
Music Maker Buck, USA, 1973, Shrub, unknown parantage, 2-3' x --', light pink, ---, -- petals, --" in diameter, in clusters of -- - --, ----, repeats (repeatedly): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- (hardy), ARS ---. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Musicale
Natasha Maria Fleming, Canada, 1994, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 2.5' x --', orange red, yellow base, semi-double, 12 - 15 petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, repeats: ---, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Shiny leaf. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Nearly Wild Brownell, USA, 1941, Floribunda, 'Dr. W. Van Fleet' x 'Leuchtstern', 3' x 5', rose pink single flowers 2" in diameter, in clusters of 15 - 25, moderate fragrance, repeats: heavy, heavy, heavy, hardy to zone 4, ARS ---. Vigorous, hardy plant,that is very floriferous. 'New Dawn' is a sport from 'Dr. W. Van Fleet'. Good bedding rose. (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Neon Lights ----, ----, ----, Floribunda, ---- x ----, 2' x 2', hot pink, blooms 4-4.5" in diameter, forms clusters of -- - --, soft fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone --, ARS ---. JAcout P. P. 8692
Nevada Pedro Dot, Spain, 1927, Hybrid Moyesii, reported to be 'La Giralda' x hyb of 'Rosa moyesii', 8' x 8', white single flowers 4" in diameter, no fragrance, repeats: heavy, none, slight, hardy to zone 4, ARS 8.2. It's name comes from the Spanish word meaning "snow clad". The rose was not named for our state but for the color of the blooms that cover the bush in the spring. The name for our state was similarly applied from the snow-capped Sierra Nevada Mountains on the western edge of the state. Our Nevada was admitted to the Union on October 31, 1864, as the 36th state.
New Dawn Dreer, USA, 1930, Climber, Sport of 'Dr W Van Fleet', 10' x 8', light pink flowers fading to flesh-toned white, bright yellow stamens, double 3 - 3.5" in diameter, sweet fragrance, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone 4 (tender beyond zone 5B - use a S or E wall), ARS 8.5. "The foliage is glossy, dark green and disease resistant." Also makes a nice shrub. "It was discovered in a Connecticut nursery owned by Henry Dreer and holds the first plant patent ever issued in the USA. After almost 67 years in existence, it was elected to the Wold Rose Hall of Fame in 1997 by the members of the World Federation of Rose Societies at their Triennial Convention in Benelux." (Olds, 1998) "A sport, 'Awakening', discovered in Czechoslovakia in the 1930's and reintroduced by Peter Beales of England in 1992, has twice as many petals and quartered blooms." (Weaver, 1998) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993, World Federation of Rose Societies World's Favorite Rose 1997 (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Night Song
Nitida Defender ----, ----, 1971, Shrub, ---- x ----, --' x --', pink blooms, ----, -- petals, --" in diameter, produced in clusters of --, ----, ----, hardy to zone 2, ARS ---. Shiny foliage; good for embankments & coverage." (Vanderkruk, 2000)
Noble Anthony David Austin, England, 1995, English Shrub, ('Lilian Austin' x 'The Squire') x (Hybrid Tea 'Fragrant Cloud' x 'Glastonbury'), 2.5' x 3', deep magenta-crimson, domed, full petalled, ---" in diameter, rich fragrance '*', repeats (freely through summer and autumn): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Blackspot can be a problem. Austin's Overall Assessment '***'
Nozomi Onodera, Japan, 1968, Climbing Miniature, Groundcover, 'Fairy Princess' (1955 variety) x 'Sweet Fairy', 1.5' x 6', pale pink that lighten to pearly pink, single, ---" in diameter (small), light fragrance, repeats (profuse cover of 'baby apple blooms' for most of the summer): ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. "The blooms are produced on the previous years wood, so only light pruning is recommended. 'Nozomi' means hope and was the name of the raiser's niece who died aged four." (Olds, 1998) "Takes several years to get going, but worth it." (Brace, 1999) Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit 1993
Nyveldt's White Nyveldt, The Netherlands, 1955, Hybrid Rugosa, ('Rosa rugosa rumbra' x 'R. cinnamomea') x 'R. nitida', 7' x 7', pure white with golden yellow stamens, single, ---" in diameter (larger), very sweet, repeats: ----, ----, ----, hardy to zone -- , ARS ---. Tremendous crop of orange-red hips. "Similar to R. rugosa alba, but with slightly wider petals and more days of recurrent bloom. Responds better to pruning in a hedge." (Brace, 1999) The name is that of the raiser's eldest daughter, herself now actively engaged with her husband, Mogens Olesen, in hybridizing roses." (Olds, 1998)
References
A large percentage of the above information has been obtained from the following resources. I really recommend these books or pamphlets for your own personal library. They are all wonderful sources of information.
Austin, David, 1993 & 1996, David Austin's English Roses, Little, Brown and Company, London.
Olds, Margaret, et al, 1998, Botanica's Roses, The Encyclopedia of Roses, Welcome Rain Publishers.
Brace, Lloyd, 1999, The Roseraie at Bayfields, Practical Roses for Hard Places, Woldoboro Maine.
Browne, Jim, et al, 1995, Rose Gardening, Pantheon Books, Knoph Publishing, New York.
Christopher, Tom, 1999, Easy Roses for North American Gardens, Reader's Digest Association, Inc..
Clements, John and Louise, 1999, Heirloom Old Garden Roses, St. Paul, Oregon.
Macoboy, Stirling, 1993, The Ultimate Rose Book, Harry Abrams, New York
Harkness, Jack, 1978, Roses, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London.
Hawthorne, Linden, 1996, Roses, D. K. Publishing, New York.
Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc., 1998, Buck Roses, Hardy roses developed by Dr. Griffith Buck, Iowa State Pamplet.
Osborne, Robert, et al, 1991, Hardy Roses, Garden Way Publishing.
Schneider, Peter, Editor, 1995, Taylor's Guide to Roses, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.
Schneider, Peter, 1995, on Roses, Macmillan,New York.
Vanderkruk, Bill, 2000, Hortico, Waterdown, Ontario, Canada.
Weaver, Mary C., 1998, Roses a growing guide for easy, colorful gardens, Macmillan, USA
Zusek, Kathy, et al, 1995, Roses for the North, Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Minnesota, Report 237-1995.
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